Small Intestine Flashcards
Small intestine
- Primary function is to ___________ found in food (chyme)
- It extends from the ___ of the ______ to the ____________, where it meets the large intestine.
- Anatomically, the small intestine (small bowel) can be divided into three parts; the _____,____, and ______
absorb the nutrients and minerals
pylorus; stomach
iliocaecal junction
duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
DIMENSIONS AND SIZE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
•The average length of the small intestine in an adult human male is _____ m
•____ m in an adult female.
- It is (smaller or larger?)?in width than the large intestine and can be differentiated from it by the absence of _____,_____, and _____ which are present on the surface of the large intestine.
- Recent studies indicate that small intestine may be shorter, around 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in), and that the length is (less or more?) affected by age after childhood than expected
- 9
- 1
Smaller
tenia coli, haustrations and appendices epiploicae
Less
Small intestine
It is approximately ___-___cm in diameter.
•The surface area of the human small intestinal mucosa averages ________
2.5–3
30 square meter
The shortest part of the small intestine is the ______
The Duodenum
widest part of the small intestine is ????
The Duodenum
most fixed part of the small intestine is????
The Duodenum
The duodenum
Extends from the _____ end of stomach to the _________.
It is ‘__’ or ____ shaped.
•Approximately ___ cm in length curved around the ___________ and is mostly ___peritoneal except for ____
pyloric
duodeno jejunal flexure
C; horse
25
head of the pancreas
Retro; its two ends.
PARTS OF THE DUODENUM
The duodenum is composed of 4 parts
The 1st or ____ part, about ___ cm long
The 2nd or _____ part, about __cm long
The 3rd or _____ part, about ____ cm long
The 4th or ______ part, about ____ cm long
5; superior
7.5; descending
10; horizontal
2.5; ascending
STRUCTURE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
•It receives _________ from the stomach, together with digestive juices from the _____ and the ________
gastric chyme
pancreas
gall bladder (bile).
Small intestine
The digestive enzymes from pancreas break down ____ and bile emulsify ______ into ____
proteins
fats into micelles.
The duodenum contains ______ glands, which produce a ____-rich (alkaline or acidic?) secretion containing ____
These secretions, in combination with bicarbonate from the ____, neutralizes the __________ contained in gastric chyme.
Brunner’s
mucus
Alkaline
bicarbonate
pancreas; stomach acids
Superior/1st part of duodenum (____ vertebrae)
The first section of the duodenum (‘the cap’) is about ____ in length.
It lies (anterior or Posterior?) (medial or lateral ?) to the body of the __ vertebra.
It ascends (upwards or downwards ?) from the pylorus of the stomach, and is connected to the undersurface of the ____ by the _____ ligament.
L1
5cm
Anterior
Lateral; L1
Upwards
liver; hepatoduodenal
most common site of duodenal ulceration is ?????
1st part of duodenum
Peritoneal relations of 1st part of duodenum
•The ___________ cm is movable.
It is attached to the ______ above, and to the _______ below.
•The distal 2.5 cm is (fixed or moveable?) . It is ___peritoneal.
•It is covered with peritoneum only on its _____ aspect.
proximal 2.5
lesser omentum
greater omentum
Fixed
Retro
anterior
Visceral Relations of 1st part of duodenum
- Anteriorly:______ lobe of liver and _______
- Posteriorly: _____ artery, __ duct and ____ vein and ______
- Superiorly: _______
- Inferiorly:___________ of the pancreas.
Quadrate; gall bladder
Gastroduodenal; bile ; portal; inferior vena cava
Epiploic foramen
head and neck
The second part, the descending part of duodenum
descends along the (righ or left?) sides of the _______ vertebrae.
It is ____peritoneal .
It begins at the ________ to run (vertically or horizontally ?) for a distance of ___ cm to the lower border of the __ lumbar vertebra where it continues with the 3rd part at the ________________.
Right
L1-L3
Retro
superior duodendal flexure;vertically ; 7.5
3rd
inferior duodendal flexure
the most fixed part of the duodenum is _______ part
2nd
The second part, the descending part of duodenum
It is related medially to the ______ and ___ duct and laterally to the _____ flexure.
It rests on the anterior surface of the (medial or lateral?) border of the right ____, right ____, right _____ muscle and the right renal vessels.
head of pancreas
bile
right colic
Medial; kidney
ureter
psoas major
The Third part of duodenum
___ cm in length, extends from the _______ horizontally across the _______ to the _____, where it ends by joining the 4th part infront of the ______.
•Is crossed anteriorly by the _______ vessels.
10
inferior duodendal flexure
inferior vena cava
abdominal aorta
abdominal aorta
superior mesenteric
The Fourth part of duodenum
(Ascending or descending?)
(__-__ vertebrae ))
It ascends from the 3rd part of duodenum infront of and to the (right or left?) of the abdominal aorta to the ___________ which lies ____ cm to the left of the midline at the level of ___ vertebra.
Ascending
L3-L2
Left
duodenojejunal flexure
2.5
L2
The Suspensory muscle of Duodenum also called the ____________ is a ______ band that extends from the _____ of _____ (behind or infront of ?) the pancreas to be attached to the ______ at its (anterior or posterior?) part.
Contraction of this muscle (narrows or widens?) the angle of the flexure, and aids movement of the intestinal contents into the _____.
Ligament of Treitz
fibromuscular
right crus of diaphragm
Behind
duodenojejunal flexure
Posterior
Widens
jejunum
DUODENUM
Major distinguishing feature is the presence of ________ glands in the _____ where most of the breakdown of food in the small intestines occurs.
Mucous cells of these glands produce an (acidic or alkaline?) secretion
Also, the point of entry for the _____ and ____ ducts exhibits _____like villi
_____ goblet cells
duodenal (Brunner’s)
submucosa
Alkaline
bile and pancreatic
finger
Few
A duodenal ulcer
- is ______ of the duodenum
- It is also known as a ____ ulcer(although this term can also be used to ulcerations in the ______.
The most common causes of duodenal ulcers are _______ infection and chronic ______
An ulcer in itself isn’t particularly worrisome. However it can give serious complications if the duodenal wall is perforated
- inflammation of the _____
- erosion of the _______ artery
erosion
peptic; stomach
helicobacter pylori
NSAID therapy
peritoneum
gastroduodenal
The jejunum and ileum are ____peritoneal.
They are attached to the _____ abdominal wall by _______ (a double layer of peritoneum).
intra
posterior
mesentery
The jejunum is about ____ long, and contains the ________, and villi that (increase or decrease?) its surface area.
•The suspensory muscle of duodenum marks the division between the _____ and the _______.
2.5 m
plicae circulares
Increase
duodenum
JEJUNUM
Products of digestion (sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) are absorbed into the bloodstream at ______ point of the small intestine
JEJUNUM
There is a clear external demarcation between the jejunum and ileum
T/F
F
There isn’t
The ileum ends at the _____ junction.
ileocecal
At the ileocecal junction, the ileum ________ into the cecum to form the ___________.
invaginates
ileocecal valve
Ileocecal valve is developed enough to control movement of material from the ileum to the cecum
T/F
F
it is not developed enough to control movement of material from the ileum to the cecum,
Ileocecal valve
can prevent reflux of material back into the ileum
T/F
T
JEJUNUM
Has (short or long ?) ____ vilii
•Many _______
•An ______ number of goblet cells
The key to its identification is that although it has villi (part of the small intestine), it doesn’t contain _____ glands or ______
Long; leaflike
plicae circulares
intermediate
Brunner’s
Peyer’s patches.
The longest section of the small intestine is ????
The ileum
The ileum
- It is about _____ long, and contains (more or fewer?) villi, which are (short or long?) and broad-tipped (____like) compared to the jejunum.
- Relatively _____ goblet cells
3 m
Fewer
Short
club
abundant
The ileum
- It absorbs mainly ______ and ______ , as well as any other remaining nutrients.
- Responsible for the final stages of ______ and ____ digestion
- The ileum joins to the cecum of the large intestine at the ileocecal junction.
vitamin B12
bile acids
Final; protein and carbohydrate
Duodenum
•The arterial supply of the duodenum is derived from two sources:
•Proximal to the major duodenal papilla – supplied by the _____ artery (branch of the ______).
•Distal to the major duodenal papilla – supplied by the __________ artery (branch of _______ artery).
•This transition is important – it marks the change from the embryological _____ to ______.
The veins of the duodenum follow the major arteries and drain into the _______ vein
gastroduodenal; coeliac trunk
inferior pancreaticoduodenal ; superior mesenteric
foregut to midgut
hepatic portal
The main arterial supply of the jejunum and the ileum is from a single artery known as the ________ and between ______ to _____ of its branches which form anastomoses loops known as ______ with terminal ______ or ____ branches.
superior mesenteric
fifteen to eighteen
arterial arcades
vasa recta or straight
- Digestion
* The small intestine is where most ________ digestion takes place.
chemical
Pancreatic enzymes and bile from the gallbladder enter the small intestine in response to the hormone ________, which is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of nutrients.
cholecystokinin
Secretin, another hormone produced in the small intestine, causes additional effects on the pancreas, where it promotes the release of _____ into the duodenum in order to neutralize the potentially harmful acid coming from the stomach
bicarbonate
Between JEJUNUM and ileum
Which is
Walls are Thicker and more vascular Lumen is Wider and often empty. Smaller and sparse mucosal folds Has peyers patches Has fewer solitary lymphatic follicles Finger-like villi Leaf like villi Arterial arcades 1 and 2 Arterial arcades 3 and 6 Mesentary has More abundant fat Mesentary has windows Longer vasa recta More numerous cash recta
JEJUNUM JEJUNUM Ileum Ileum JEJUNUM Ileum JEJUNUM JEJUNUM Ileum Ileum JEJUNUM JEJUNUM Ileum
