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ANA 202 > Small Intestine > Flashcards

Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Small intestine

  • Primary function is to ___________ found in food (chyme)
  • It extends from the ___ of the ______ to the ____________, where it meets the large intestine.
  • Anatomically, the small intestine (small bowel) can be divided into three parts; the _____,____, and ______
A

absorb the nutrients and minerals

pylorus; stomach

iliocaecal junction

duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

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2
Q

DIMENSIONS AND SIZE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
•The average length of the small intestine in an adult human male is _____ m

•____ m in an adult female.

  • It is (smaller or larger?)?in width than the large intestine and can be differentiated from it by the absence of _____,_____, and _____ which are present on the surface of the large intestine.
  • Recent studies indicate that small intestine may be shorter, around 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in), and that the length is (less or more?) affected by age after childhood than expected
A
  1. 9
  2. 1

Smaller

tenia coli, haustrations and appendices epiploicae

Less

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3
Q

Small intestine

It is approximately ___-___cm in diameter.
•The surface area of the human small intestinal mucosa averages ________

A

2.5–3

30 square meter

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4
Q

The shortest part of the small intestine is the ______

A

The Duodenum

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5
Q

widest part of the small intestine is ????

A

The Duodenum

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6
Q

most fixed part of the small intestine is????

A

The Duodenum

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7
Q

The duodenum

Extends from the _____ end of stomach to the _________.

It is ‘__’ or ____ shaped.

•Approximately ___ cm in length curved around the ___________ and is mostly ___peritoneal except for ____

A

pyloric

duodeno jejunal flexure

C; horse

25

head of the pancreas

Retro; its two ends.

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8
Q

PARTS OF THE DUODENUM
The duodenum is composed of 4 parts

The 1st or ____ part, about ___ cm long
The 2nd or _____ part, about __cm long
The 3rd or _____ part, about ____ cm long
The 4th or ______ part, about ____ cm long

A

5; superior

7.5; descending

10; horizontal

2.5; ascending

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9
Q

STRUCTURE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

•It receives _________ from the stomach, together with digestive juices from the _____ and the ________

A

gastric chyme

pancreas

gall bladder (bile).

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10
Q

Small intestine

The digestive enzymes from pancreas break down ____ and bile emulsify ______ into ____

A

proteins

fats into micelles.

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11
Q

The duodenum contains ______ glands, which produce a ____-rich (alkaline or acidic?) secretion containing ____

These secretions, in combination with bicarbonate from the ____, neutralizes the __________ contained in gastric chyme.

A

Brunner’s

mucus

Alkaline

bicarbonate

pancreas; stomach acids

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12
Q

Superior/1st part of duodenum (____ vertebrae)

The first section of the duodenum (‘the cap’) is about ____ in length.

It lies (anterior or Posterior?) (medial or lateral ?) to the body of the __ vertebra.

It ascends (upwards or downwards ?) from the pylorus of the stomach, and is connected to the undersurface of the ____ by the _____ ligament.

A

L1

5cm
Anterior
Lateral; L1

Upwards

liver; hepatoduodenal

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13
Q

most common site of duodenal ulceration is ?????

A

1st part of duodenum

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14
Q

Peritoneal relations of 1st part of duodenum
•The ___________ cm is movable.
It is attached to the ______ above, and to the _______ below.
•The distal 2.5 cm is (fixed or moveable?) . It is ___peritoneal.
•It is covered with peritoneum only on its _____ aspect.

A

proximal 2.5

lesser omentum

greater omentum

Fixed

Retro

anterior

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15
Q

Visceral Relations of 1st part of duodenum

  • Anteriorly:______ lobe of liver and _______
  • Posteriorly: _____ artery, __ duct and ____ vein and ______
  • Superiorly: _______
  • Inferiorly:___________ of the pancreas.
A

Quadrate; gall bladder

Gastroduodenal; bile ; portal; inferior vena cava

Epiploic foramen

head and neck

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16
Q

The second part, the descending part of duodenum

descends along the (righ or left?) sides of the _______ vertebrae.
It is ____peritoneal .
It begins at the ________ to run (vertically or horizontally ?) for a distance of ___ cm to the lower border of the __ lumbar vertebra where it continues with the 3rd part at the ________________.

A

Right

L1-L3

Retro

superior duodendal flexure;vertically ; 7.5

3rd

inferior duodendal flexure

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17
Q

the most fixed part of the duodenum is _______ part

A

2nd

18
Q

The second part, the descending part of duodenum

It is related medially to the ______ and ___ duct and laterally to the _____ flexure.

It rests on the anterior surface of the (medial or lateral?) border of the right ____, right ____, right _____ muscle and the right renal vessels.

A

head of pancreas

bile

right colic

Medial; kidney

ureter

psoas major

19
Q

The Third part of duodenum

___ cm in length, extends from the _______ horizontally across the _______ to the _____, where it ends by joining the 4th part infront of the ______.

•Is crossed anteriorly by the _______ vessels.

A

10

inferior duodendal flexure

inferior vena cava

abdominal aorta

abdominal aorta

superior mesenteric

20
Q

The Fourth part of duodenum

(Ascending or descending?)

(__-__ vertebrae ))

It ascends from the 3rd part of duodenum infront of and to the (right or left?) of the abdominal aorta to the ___________ which lies ____ cm to the left of the midline at the level of ___ vertebra.

A

Ascending

L3-L2

Left

duodenojejunal flexure

2.5

L2

21
Q

The Suspensory muscle of Duodenum also called the ____________ is a ______ band that extends from the _____ of _____ (behind or infront of ?) the pancreas to be attached to the ______ at its (anterior or posterior?) part.

Contraction of this muscle (narrows or widens?) the angle of the flexure, and aids movement of the intestinal contents into the _____.

A

Ligament of Treitz

fibromuscular

right crus of diaphragm

Behind

duodenojejunal flexure

Posterior

Widens

jejunum

22
Q

DUODENUM

Major distinguishing feature is the presence of ________ glands in the _____ where most of the breakdown of food in the small intestines occurs.

Mucous cells of these glands produce an (acidic or alkaline?) secretion

Also, the point of entry for the _____ and ____ ducts exhibits _____like villi

_____ goblet cells

A

duodenal (Brunner’s)

submucosa

Alkaline

bile and pancreatic

finger

Few

23
Q

A duodenal ulcer

  • is ______ of the duodenum
  • It is also known as a ____ ulcer(although this term can also be used to ulcerations in the ______.

The most common causes of duodenal ulcers are _______ infection and chronic ______

An ulcer in itself isn’t particularly worrisome. However it can give serious complications if the duodenal wall is perforated

  • inflammation of the _____
  • erosion of the _______ artery
A

erosion

peptic; stomach

helicobacter pylori

NSAID therapy

peritoneum

gastroduodenal

24
Q

The jejunum and ileum are ____peritoneal.

They are attached to the _____ abdominal wall by _______ (a double layer of peritoneum).

A

intra

posterior

mesentery

25
Q

The jejunum is about ____ long, and contains the ________, and villi that (increase or decrease?) its surface area.

•The suspensory muscle of duodenum marks the division between the _____ and the _______.

A

2.5 m

plicae circulares

Increase

duodenum

JEJUNUM

26
Q

Products of digestion (sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) are absorbed into the bloodstream at ______ point of the small intestine

A

JEJUNUM

27
Q

There is a clear external demarcation between the jejunum and ileum
T/F

A

F

There isn’t

28
Q

The ileum ends at the _____ junction.

A

ileocecal

29
Q

At the ileocecal junction, the ileum ________ into the cecum to form the ___________.

A

invaginates

ileocecal valve

30
Q

Ileocecal valve is developed enough to control movement of material from the ileum to the cecum

T/F

A

F

it is not developed enough to control movement of material from the ileum to the cecum,

31
Q

Ileocecal valve

can prevent reflux of material back into the ileum

T/F

A

T

32
Q

JEJUNUM

Has (short or long ?) ____ vilii
•Many _______
•An ______ number of goblet cells

The key to its identification is that although it has villi (part of the small intestine), it doesn’t contain _____ glands or ______

A

Long; leaflike

plicae circulares

intermediate

Brunner’s

Peyer’s patches.

33
Q

The longest section of the small intestine is ????

A

The ileum

34
Q

The ileum

  • It is about _____ long, and contains (more or fewer?) villi, which are (short or long?) and broad-tipped (____like) compared to the jejunum.
  • Relatively _____ goblet cells
A

3 m

Fewer

Short

club

abundant

35
Q

The ileum

  • It absorbs mainly ______ and ______ , as well as any other remaining nutrients.
  • Responsible for the final stages of ______ and ____ digestion
  • The ileum joins to the cecum of the large intestine at the ileocecal junction.
A

vitamin B12

bile acids

Final; protein and carbohydrate

36
Q

Duodenum
•The arterial supply of the duodenum is derived from two sources:
•Proximal to the major duodenal papilla – supplied by the _____ artery (branch of the ______).
•Distal to the major duodenal papilla – supplied by the __________ artery (branch of _______ artery).
•This transition is important – it marks the change from the embryological _____ to ______.
The veins of the duodenum follow the major arteries and drain into the _______ vein

A

gastroduodenal; coeliac trunk

inferior pancreaticoduodenal ; superior mesenteric

foregut to midgut

hepatic portal

37
Q

The main arterial supply of the jejunum and the ileum is from a single artery known as the ________ and between ______ to _____ of its branches which form anastomoses loops known as ______ with terminal ______ or ____ branches.

A

superior mesenteric

fifteen to eighteen

arterial arcades

vasa recta or straight

38
Q
  • Digestion

* The small intestine is where most ________ digestion takes place.

A

chemical

39
Q

Pancreatic enzymes and bile from the gallbladder enter the small intestine in response to the hormone ________, which is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of nutrients.

A

cholecystokinin

40
Q

Secretin, another hormone produced in the small intestine, causes additional effects on the pancreas, where it promotes the release of _____ into the duodenum in order to neutralize the potentially harmful acid coming from the stomach

A

bicarbonate

41
Q

Between JEJUNUM and ileum

Which is

Walls are Thicker and more vascular
Lumen is Wider and often empty.
Smaller and sparse mucosal folds
Has peyers patches
Has fewer solitary lymphatic follicles 
Finger-like villi 
Leaf like villi
Arterial arcades 1 and 2
Arterial arcades 3 and 6
Mesentary has More abundant fat 
Mesentary has windows
Longer vasa recta
More numerous cash recta
A 
JEJUNUM 
JEJUNUM 
Ileum
Ileum 
JEJUNUM 
Ileum
JEJUNUM 
JEJUNUM 
Ileum
Ileum
JEJUNUM 
JEJUNUM 
Ileum

ANA 202 (24 decks)

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