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Microbiology > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

spirals with hooked ends

A

leptospira

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2
Q

fletcher’s semi solid media

A

leptospira

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3
Q

relapsing fever from ticks or lice

A

borrelia recurrentis

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4
Q

looser coils

A

borrelia recurrentis

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5
Q

what causes lyme disease

A

borrelia burgdorferi

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6
Q

what is the vector for lyme disease?

A

ixodes ticks

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7
Q

what medium is used to culture for b. burgdoferi?

A

kelly medium

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8
Q

treponema spp causes Bejel and where its found

A

endemicum

E mediterranean, balkans, N africa

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9
Q

treponema spp causes Yaws and where its found

A 
pertenue
caribbean 
latin america
C africa
Far east
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10
Q

treponema spp causes pinta and where its found

A

carateum

latin america

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11
Q

what are the symptoms of primary syphilis?

A

painless chancre

regional lymphadenopathy

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12
Q

what is the time frame for primary syphilis?

A

heals 3 - 6 weeks after infection

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13
Q

how is primary syphilis diagnosed?

A

darkfield microscopy (serology may be negative)

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14
Q

what are the symptoms of secondary syphilis?

A

rash on trunk and palms of hands and soles of feet
can infect organ systems
self limiting

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15
Q

what is the time frame of secondary syphilis?

A

2 - 10 weeks after chancre appearance

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16
Q

how is secondary syphilis diagnosed?

A

darkfield microscopy
serologic tests reactive
nontreponemal tests reactive

17
Q

what are the symptoms of latent syphilis? is it contagious?

A

symptomless

not contagious but can transmit to fetus

18
Q

what is the timeframe of latent syphilis?

A

secondary will progress to latent if left untreated

19
Q

how is latent syphilis diagnosed?

A

1/3 of untreated:

a. lose STS reactivity
b. remain STS reactive for life
c. develop tertiary disease

20
Q

what are the symptoms of tertiary syphilis?

A

neurosyphilis (8%)
gummatous
tabes dorsalis- paresis, blindness, dementia
cardiovascular (10%)

21
Q

what is the timeframe for tertiary syphilis?

A

3 - 15 years after infection

22
Q

how is tertiary syphilis diagnosed?

A

treponemal and serological tests

23
Q

what is the best test for CSF syphilis samples?

A

VDRL

24
Q

what are symptoms of congenital syphilis?

A

40% die
bone, CNS defects
saddle nose
facial lesions

25
Q

what are the nontreponemal tests?

A

VDRL

RPR

26
Q

what is the principle of VDRL?

A

cardiolipin + lecithin + cholesterol

detect reagin antibodies

27
Q

what is the antigen in VDRL tests?

A

cardiolipin

28
Q

what is the principle of RPR?

A

cardiolipin + lecithin + cholesterol + choline chloride + EDTA + charcoal to detect reagin antibodies

29
Q

what is the antigen in RPR?

A

cardiolipin

30
Q

what does choline chloride and EDTA do in RPR?

A

inactivate complement and stabilize antigen

31
Q

what is the principle of TP-PA?

A

particle agglutination

32
Q

what is the principle of FTA-ABS?

A

fluorescent antibody absorption

Sorbent = Reiter’s strain

Antigen = Nichols strain

33
Q

what is the antigen in EIA for syphilis?

A

TmpA

34
Q

what conditions can cause a false positive nontreponemal test result?

A 
autoimmune disease
malaria
pneumococcal pneumonia
pregnancy
IV drugs
chronic infections in elderly
cancers
35
Q

what is the traditional algorithm for syphilis testing?

A

trep > Nontrep > Nontrep (TP-PA)

36
Q

what is the reverse algorithm for syphilis testing?

A

Nontrep > Trep

37
Q

Most common method to id borrelia burgdorferi

A

Serology using IFA or EIA

38
Q

what medium is required for Borrelia?

A

modified Kelly’s medium

Microbiology (17 decks)

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