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Microbiology > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

what preservations are good for eggs, larvae, and cysts

A

refrigeration
10% formalin
MIF

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2
Q

what preservations are good for trophozoites

A

PVA (best)

SAF

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3
Q

advantages of formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation

A

indefinite
easy
detects all parasites

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4
Q

disadvantage of formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation

A

more debris

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5
Q

advantage of zinc sulfate flotation technique

A

no flammable chemicals

cleaner preparation

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6
Q

disadvantage of zinc sulfate flotation technique

A

large eggs and operculated eggs missed

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7
Q

general characterisitics of round worms

A

males smaller
unsegmented
complete digestive tract

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8
Q

largest nematode

A

ascaris lumbricoides

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9
Q

infection mode of ascaris lumbricoides

A

infective egg ingested

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10
Q

diagnosis of ascaris lumbricoides

A

adult worms or eggs in feces

larvae in sputum

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11
Q

most common helminth of humans

A

enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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12
Q

infection mode of enterobius vermicularis

A

infective eggs ingested

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13
Q

diagnosis of pinworm

A

scotch tape (eggs and larvae

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14
Q

infection mode of trichuris trichiuria (whipworm)

A

infective eggs ingested

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15
Q

diagnosis of whipworm

A

egg in feces

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16
Q

football shaped with mucoid polar plugs egg

A

tricguris trichuria

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17
Q

smallest nematode

A

strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

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18
Q

noninfective form of threadworm

A

rhabditiform larva

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19
Q

infective form of threadworm

A

filariform larva (penetrates skin)

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20
Q

short buccal cavity with notch at end of tail

larva

A

strongyloides stercoralis

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21
Q

diagnosis of strongyloides stercoralis

A

rhabditiform larvae / filariform larvae in stool

adult / larva/ eggs in sputum

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22
Q

characteristics of rhabditiform larvae of hookworm

A

long buccal cavity

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23
Q

infective stage of hookworm

A

filariform larvae

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24
Q

characteristics of filariform larvae of hookworm

A

long buccal cavity

pointed tail

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25
Q

diagnosis of hookworm

A

egg in feces

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26
Q

what organisms are hookworm

A 
necator americanus (new world)
ancylostoma duodenale (old world)
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27
Q

how do you differentiate hook worm adults?

A

necator - cutting plates

duodenale - 2 pair

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28
Q

infective stage of trichinella spiralis

A

ingestion of encysted larvae in pork

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29
Q

diagnosis of trichinella spiralis

A

muscle biopsy

encysted larvae in muscle

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30
Q

larval stage:
sheathed
no nuclei in tail
nocturnal periodicity

A

wuchereria bancrofti

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31
Q

diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti

A

larvae in blood smear

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32
Q

what condition does wuchereria bancrofti cause?

A

elephantiasis

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33
Q

microfilaria:
sheathed
2 terminal nuclei at tip of tail

A

brugia malayi

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34
Q

diagnosis of brugia malayi

A

larvae in blood smear

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35
Q

microfilaria:
sheathed
nuclei in tip of tail
diurnal periodicity

A

loa loa (eye worm)

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36
Q

what organism causes calabar swellings

A

loa loa

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37
Q

diagnosis of loa loa

A

larvae in blood smear

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38
Q

microfilaria:
NOT sheathed
NO nuclei
nodules under skin NOT blood

A

onchocerca volvulus

39
Q

what causes river blindness

A

onchocerca volvulus

40
Q

diagnosis of onchocerca volvulus

A

larvae in skin / tissue scrapings

41
Q

what two microfilaria are transmitted by mosquito?

A

wucheria bancrofti

brugia malayi

42
Q

what two microfilaria are transmitted by fly?

A

loa loa

onchocerca volvulus

43
Q

general characteristics of cestodes (tapeworms)

A 
flat 
ribbon like 
segmented
hermaphroditic
4 cup shaped suckers on scolex (except diphyllobothrium latum (2))
44
Q

scolex: unarmed rostellum

2000 proglottids

A

taenia saginata (beef)

45
Q

infective stage of taenia saginata

A

larval stage

46
Q

diagnosis of taenia saginata

A 
egg in feces (kiwi slice)
stained proglottids (15-30 uterine branches)
47
Q

scolex: armed rostellum

1000 proglottid

A

taenia solium (pork)

48
Q

infective stage taenia solium

A

larval stage

49
Q

what organism can cause cysticercosis where the human is intermediate host?

A

taenia solium

50
Q

diagnostic stage of taenia solium

A 
egg in feces
stained proglottids (7 - 13 uterine branches)
51
Q

most common tapeworm in US

A

hymenolepis nana (dwarf)

52
Q

small tapeworm
200 segments
armed rostellum

A

hymenolepis nana

53
Q

infective stage of hymenolepis nana

A

ingestion of eggs

54
Q

diagnosis of hymenolepis nana

A

egg in feces

polar filaments

55
Q

unarmed rostellum
rat definitive host
man accidental host

A

hymenolepis diminuta (rat)

56
Q

infective stage of hymenolepis diminuta

A

ingestion of flea

57
Q

diagnosis of hymenolepis diminuta

A

egg in feces

no polar filaments

58
Q

scolex: two longitudinal grooves (bothria)
spoon shape
rosette uterus
3000 proglottids

A

diphyllobothrium latum (broad fish tapeworm)

59
Q

infective stage of diphyllobothrium latum

A

ingestion of larvae in freshwater fish

60
Q

diagnosis of diphyllobothrium latum

A

egg or proglottids in feces

61
Q

what is the only cestode to produce operculated eggs?

A

diphyllobothrium latum

62
Q

what diseases can diphyllobothrium latum cause?

A

megaloblastic anemia

sparganosis

63
Q

very small tapeworm
3 proglottids
armed rostellum

A

echinococcus granulosus (hydatid)

64
Q

what is the intermediate host for echinococcus granulosus?

A

sheep ingest eggs

65
Q

what is the definitive host for echinococcus granulosus?

66
Q

infective stage of echinococcus granulosus

A

ingests eggs

67
Q

diagnosis of echinococcus granulosus

A

hydatid cysts x -ray or surgery

68
Q

scolex: armed rostellum

pumpkin/cucumber seed proglottids

A

dipylidium caninum (dog tapeworm)

69
Q

infective stage of dipylidium caninum

A

ingests infected flea

70
Q

diagnosis of dipylidium caninum

A

egg packet (5-30 eggs) in feces

71
Q

general characteristics of trematodes (flukes)

A 
flat 
leaf shaped
hermaphroditic
require intermediate host
snail is ALWAYS 1st intermediate host
operculated eggs
72
Q

who is the definitive host in trematode infections

73
Q

infective stage of fasciolopsis buski

A

raw aquatic vegetation with encysted metacercaria

74
Q

giant intestinal fluke

A

fasciolopsis buski

75
Q

diagnostic stage of fasciolopsis buski

A

eggs in feces (very large)

76
Q

where is fasciolopsis buski found

77
Q

sheep liver fluke

A

fasciola hepatica

78
Q

infective stage of fasciola hepatica

A

ingest raw aquatic vegetation with encysted metacercaria

79
Q

diagnosis of fasciola hepatica

A

eggs in feces

80
Q

what are the reservoir hosts in fasciola hepatica

A

sheep and cattle

81
Q

chinese liver fluke

A

clonorchis sinensis

82
Q

infective stage of clonorchis sinensis

A

ingestion of raw fish with metacercaria

83
Q

diagnosis of clonorchis sinensis

A

eggs in feces (comma shaped appendage)

84
Q

oriental lung fluke

A

paragonimus westermani

85
Q

infective stage of paragonimus westermani

A

ingestion of crustacean with metacercaria

86
Q

diagnosis of paragonimus westermani

A

egg in feces or sputum

operculated with shoulders

87
Q

blood flukes

A

schistosomes

88
Q

what is the most important trematode in man and why?

A

schistosomes

severity of infection

89
Q

infective stage of schistosomes

A

cercariae in water directly penetrate skin

90
Q

diagnosis of schistosomes

A

egg in feces or urine

may NOT be seen in flotation techniques

91
Q

schistosome mansoni spine

A

conspicuous lateral

92
Q

schistosome japonicum spine

A

inconspicuous lateral knob

93
Q

schistosome haematobium spine

A

terminal spine

94
Q

what disease can schistosomes cause?

A

swimmer’s itch

Microbiology (17 decks)

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