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Anatomy > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the vertebral column?

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Caudal
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2
Q

What is the vertebral formula for the dog?

A 
C7
T13
L7
S3
Cd 20-24
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3
Q

What is the vertebral formula for the horse?

A 
C7
T18
L6
S5
Cd 20
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4
Q

What is the cranial vertebra body like?

A

Convex

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5
Q

What is the caudal vertebra body like?

A

Concave

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6
Q

What does the vertebral arch consist of?

A

2 lamina and 2 pedicles

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7
Q

What do the cranial and caudal notches join to form?

A

Intervertebral foramen

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8
Q

Describe the transverse processes

A

Project to each side at the junction of the body and arch
These processes arise at the level of the intervertebral foramina and divide the muscles of the trunk into dorsal and ventral divisions

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9
Q

What kind of joint connects the restricted parts of the arches?

A

Fibrous

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10
Q

What is the joint that is located between the skull and the atlas?

A

Atlanto-occiptal joint

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11
Q

What are the characteristics that distinguish the seventh cervical vertebra from all other cervical-vertebrae?

A

Has a costal fovea
Taller spinous process
Does not have transverse foramen

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12
Q

On what regions of the vertebra do the ribs articulate?

A

Cranial and caudal costal fovea between 2 vertebrae

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13
Q

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

A

Transverse process (transverse costal fovea)

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14
Q

Which vertebra has costal fovea?

A

Thoracic

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15
Q

Which part of the sacrum is identified as a reference in obstetrics?

A

Sacral promontory

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16
Q

What is the joint between C1 and C2?

A

Atlanto-axial joint

17
Q

What ligament minimizes the effects of disk rupture?

A

Intercapital ligament

18
Q

Where is the nuchal ligament?

A

C2 to T1

19
Q

What is it called where the rib joins the cartilage?

A

Costo-chondral junciton

20
Q

What is the most cranial portion of the sternum?

A

Manubrium

21
Q

What is the strongest epaxial muscle system?

A

Longissimus system

22
Q

What makes up the epaxial muscles?

A

Iliocostalis system
Longissiumus system
Transversospinalis system

23
Q

What makes up the iliocostalis system?

A

Iliocostalis thoracis

Iliocostalis lumborum

24
Q

What makes up the longissiumus system?

A

Longissimus capitis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus thoracis
Longissimus lumborum

25
Q

What makes up the transversospinalis system?

A 
Splenius
Semispinalis capitis 
--biventer cervicis
--complexus
Multifidis thoracis
Multifidis lumborum
26
Q

What are the hypaxial muscles?

A 
Sternocephalicus
--mastoid part
--occipital 
Sternohyoideus
Sternothyroideus
Longus capitis
Longus colli
27
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the neck and tail?

A

Hypaxial

28
Q

If a pin were to be inserted through the spine at the ribs, what ligaments would it go trough ventral to dorsal?

A 
Ventral longitudinal ligament
Anulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
Anulus fibrosus
Intercapital ligament
Dorsal longitudinal ligament
Interarcuate ligament
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament
29
Q

Where does IVDD occur?

A

In the caudal-thoracic and lumbar vertebra

30
Q

How many synovial joints are on a thoracic vertebra?

A

12: 4 cranial and caudal articular surfaces, 4 cranial and caudal costal surfaces, and 4 articulation places for the tubercle and head of rib

31
Q

How many fibrocartilaginous joints are on a thoracic vertebra?

A

2 for the cranial and caudal surface of the body

32
Q

How many joints are there total on a thoracic lumbar vertebra?

A

14

33
Q

What makes up the spinous process?

A

2 lamina

34
Q

What makes up the transverse process?

A

Body and pedicle

35
Q

What makes up the articular process?

A

Lamina and pedicle

Anatomy (19 decks)

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