Spine Flashcards
What are the regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Caudal
What is the vertebral formula for the dog?
C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd 20-24
What is the vertebral formula for the horse?
C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd 20
What is the cranial vertebra body like?
Convex
What is the caudal vertebra body like?
Concave
What does the vertebral arch consist of?
2 lamina and 2 pedicles
What do the cranial and caudal notches join to form?
Intervertebral foramen
Describe the transverse processes
Project to each side at the junction of the body and arch
These processes arise at the level of the intervertebral foramina and divide the muscles of the trunk into dorsal and ventral divisions
What kind of joint connects the restricted parts of the arches?
Fibrous
What is the joint that is located between the skull and the atlas?
Atlanto-occiptal joint
What are the characteristics that distinguish the seventh cervical vertebra from all other cervical-vertebrae?
Has a costal fovea
Taller spinous process
Does not have transverse foramen
On what regions of the vertebra do the ribs articulate?
Cranial and caudal costal fovea between 2 vertebrae
What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?
Transverse process (transverse costal fovea)
Which vertebra has costal fovea?
Thoracic
Which part of the sacrum is identified as a reference in obstetrics?
Sacral promontory
What is the joint between C1 and C2?
Atlanto-axial joint
What ligament minimizes the effects of disk rupture?
Intercapital ligament
Where is the nuchal ligament?
C2 to T1
What is it called where the rib joins the cartilage?
Costo-chondral junciton
What is the most cranial portion of the sternum?
Manubrium
What is the strongest epaxial muscle system?
Longissimus system
What makes up the epaxial muscles?
Iliocostalis system
Longissiumus system
Transversospinalis system
What makes up the iliocostalis system?
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis lumborum
What makes up the longissiumus system?
Longissimus capitis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus thoracis
Longissimus lumborum
What makes up the transversospinalis system?
Splenius Semispinalis capitis --biventer cervicis --complexus Multifidis thoracis Multifidis lumborum
What are the hypaxial muscles?
Sternocephalicus --mastoid part --occipital Sternohyoideus Sternothyroideus Longus capitis Longus colli
What are the flexor muscles of the neck and tail?
Hypaxial
If a pin were to be inserted through the spine at the ribs, what ligaments would it go trough ventral to dorsal?
Ventral longitudinal ligament Anulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus Anulus fibrosus Intercapital ligament Dorsal longitudinal ligament Interarcuate ligament Interspinous ligament Supraspinous ligament
Where does IVDD occur?
In the caudal-thoracic and lumbar vertebra
How many synovial joints are on a thoracic vertebra?
12: 4 cranial and caudal articular surfaces, 4 cranial and caudal costal surfaces, and 4 articulation places for the tubercle and head of rib
How many fibrocartilaginous joints are on a thoracic vertebra?
2 for the cranial and caudal surface of the body
How many joints are there total on a thoracic lumbar vertebra?
14
What makes up the spinous process?
2 lamina
What makes up the transverse process?
Body and pedicle
What makes up the articular process?
Lamina and pedicle
