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Anatomy > Canine Joints > Flashcards

Canine Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are joints?

A

The junction between bones

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2
Q

What are the 3 main categories according to characteristic structural features?

A

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

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3
Q

Describe fibrous joints

A

Bones bound together by fibrous connective tissue
Limited movement, often only for a short time
Bones may eventually fuse

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4
Q

Describe cartilaginous joints

A

Bones united by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

Generally allows more movement between attached bones than fibrous joints but less than synovial joints

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5
Q

Describe synovial joints

A

Freely movable joints, filled with synovial fluid

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6
Q

Where are the different types of fibrous joints?

A

Sutures
Gomphoses
Syndesmoses

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7
Q

Describe suture fibrous joints

A

Between bones of the skull

Allows bones to grow but fuse over time as growth ceases

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8
Q

Describe gomphoses

A

Attachment between tooth roots and tooth socket of the jaw

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9
Q

Describe syndesmoses

A

Joints with limited motion that are neither sutures nor gomphoses, at which bones are attached by fibrous connective tissues

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10
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage joints

A

Relatively immovable joint, usually temporary, with ossification over time
Attachments between rib and sternum are also hyaline cartilage, but cartilage remains for life

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11
Q

Describe fibrocartilaginous joints

A

Articulating surfaces joined by fibrocartilage, +/- a hyaline cartilage component
Joint may occasionally ossify

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12
Q

What are examples of fibrocatilaginous joints?

A

Pelvic and mandibular symphyses

Intervertebral disks

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13
Q

What is the most common joint?

A

Synovial joints

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14
Q

What are the basic features of synovial joints?

A 
Joint capsule
Articular cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons
Sheaths
Bursae
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15
Q

What are the layers of the joint capsule?

A

Fibrous and synovial layers

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16
Q

What does the synovial joint structure allow for?

A

Appropriate alignment of bones and joints

17
Q

What is synovial fluid produced by? What does it do?

A

Synovial membrane

Bathes the articular surface

18
Q

What does articular cartilage cover?

A

The ends of the long bones that articulate together to form synovial joint

19
Q

What does normal articular cartilage do?

A

Absorbs concussion

Provides a nearly frictionless surface for bones that articulate together

20
Q

What is articular cartilage composed of?

A

A water-rich gel that is anchored in place to the subchondral plate by looping arches of durable collagen fibers

21
Q

What do chondrocytes do?

A

Maintain the proteoglycan gel and collagen loops

22
Q

Why does synovial fluid have a high viscosity?

A

Hyaluronic acid

23
Q

What lines the synovial membrane?

A

A-phagocytic and B-secretory synoviocytes

24
Q

What do B-synoviocytes secrete?

A

Hyaluronic acid

25
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

An ultrafiltrate from capillaries in the synovial membrane plus hyaluronate

26
Q

What kind of tissue are tendons?

A

Regular dense connective tissue

27
Q

What does a ligament do?

A

Binds bone to bone

28
Q

What does a tendon do?

A

Binds muscle to bone

29
Q

What holds tissues in place?

A

Annular ligaments (bands of tissues)

30
Q

What do annular ligaments/bands of tissue cause? How is it fixed?

A

A lot of friction between the tendons

It is fixed by a sheath around the digital flexor tendons

31
Q

What do proximal sesamoid bones do?

A

Create a groove for the tendons to sit in

32
Q

Why would tendon sheath be required?

A

If there is significant tendon movement in a location where friction is likely

33
Q

Where is friction likely that would require a tendon sheath?

A

Across a bony prominence

Beneath a retinaculum or annular ligament

34
Q

Look at tendon sheath anatomy

A

Look at tendon sheath anatomy

35
Q

Why would a bursa be required?

A

If there is limited tendon movement in a location where friction is likely

36
Q

Where is friction likely that would require a bursa?

A

Between tendon and bony prominence

Anatomy (19 decks)

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