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Anatomy > Anatomy of Birds > Flashcards

Anatomy of Birds Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical vertebrae do fowl and duck have?

A

14

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2
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae do chickens have?

A

7

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3
Q

What is the notarium in chicken?

A

Last cervical and 2 first thoracic vertebrae

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4
Q

How many ribs do chickens have?

A

7 pairs

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5
Q

What is the synsacrum formed by?

A

Last one or two thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacral vertebrae
First caudal vertebra

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6
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

A

Scapula
Coracoid bone
Clavicles

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7
Q

What area is covered with scales?

A

Tarsometatarsus

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8
Q

Where can viruses replicate causing it to break in the hock?

A

Tendon of the gastrocnemius

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9
Q

When do spurs come?

A

When a rooster reaches sexual maturity

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10
Q

What bones act as part of the respiratory system (pneumatic bones)?

A 
Skull
Humerus
Clavicle
Sternum
Pelvic girdle
Lumbar and sacral vertebrae
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11
Q

How do bones act as a part of the respiratory system?

A

They are hollow and filled with air

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12
Q

What bones are medullary bones?

A

Long bones

Femur and tibiotarsus

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13
Q

When is medullary bone formed?

A

When chickens reach sexual maturity

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14
Q

What is medullary bone a source of?

A

Ca for eggshell formation

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of muscular fibers?

A

White fibers

Red fibers

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16
Q

What makes red fibers the way they are?

A

They are muscles with high metabolic demand

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17
Q

What happens when the pectoralis major muscle contracts?

A

The wings move down

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18
Q

What are the 3 chambers oronasal cavity?

A

Rostral
Middle
Caudal

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19
Q

What are the nasal and oral cavity connected by?

A

Choanal cleft

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20
Q

What is the airflow?

A 
Nostrils
Nasal part of oronasal cavity
Passes through turbinates
Passes through palatine cleft to oral part of oronasal cavity
Pharynx
Larnyx
Trachea
Bronchi
Primary bonchi
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21
Q

Why are the rings in the trachea closed in birds?

A

When birds fly they suffer from impact of the air and otherwise the trachea would not be able to close

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22
Q

What is responsible for vocalization?

A

Syrinx

23
Q

What is the functional unit of the lung?

A

Parabronchi, which ramify into air capillaries

24
Q

What comprises most of the volume of the respiratory system?

A

Air sacs

25
Q

What is the enzymatic stomach?

A

Proventriculus (glandular)

26
Q

What is the muscular stomach?

A

Gizzard

27
Q

What happens in the gizzard?

A

It produces movement, pressure, and rotation

28
Q

What does the crop do?

A

Stores food
Add moisture
Some amylase activity

29
Q

How is nitrogen excreted in chickens?

A

Uric acid

30
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

An organ that is shared between the digestive tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract

31
Q

How do ureters reach the cloaca?

A

Through the urodeum

32
Q

How does the reproductive tract reach the cloaca?

A

Through the proctodeum

33
Q

How does the digestive tract reach the cloaca?

A

Through the coprodeum

34
Q

How many ovaries do hens have?

A

1, the left

35
Q

What are prehierarchal follicles?

A

Follicles that remain small and are not functional

36
Q

What do hierarchial follicles contribute to?

A

Yolk

37
Q

What does the postovulatory follicle serve as?

A

A temporary CL

38
Q

What are the parts of the left oviduct?

A 
Infundibulum
Magnum
Isthmus
Shell gland (uterus)
Vagina
39
Q

What happens in the infundibulum?

A

Engulfs ovum upon ovulation, fertilization, first layer of albumin is produced
Ovum resides here 18 minutes

40
Q

Describe the magnum

A

Largest portion
Most of albumin is deposited
Ovum resides here 3 hours

41
Q

Describe the isthmus

A

Both inner and outer shell membranes

Process takes 75 minutes

42
Q

Describe the shell gland

A

Formation of the egg shell
Shell pigments are also deposited
Process takes approximately 20 hours

43
Q

Describe the vagina

A

Produce cuticle and participates in expulsion of the egg

Spermatozoa are stored in uterovaginal junction

44
Q

What is the vestigial penis?

A

Phallus

45
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

Bursa

Thymus

46
Q

Do chickens have lymph nodes?

A

No

47
Q

What does the harderian gland do?

A

Lunricates the nictitating membrane

48
Q

What happens in Marek’s disease?

A

The tumor cells invade the sciatic nerve

49
Q

What are the combs important for?

A

Thermal regulation

50
Q

What is a good indicator of the health condition of a chicken?

A

The comb

51
Q

What lubricates the feathers?

A

Uropigeal gland

52
Q

What are the feathers of the wings?

A

Remiges

53
Q

What are the feathers of the body?

A

Contour feathers

54
Q

What does the afterfeather provide?

A

Isothermic isolation

Anatomy (19 decks)

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