Anatomy of Birds

Question 1

How many cervical vertebrae do fowl and duck have?

Answer 1

14

Question 2

How many thoracic vertebrae do chickens have?

Answer 2

7

Question 3

What is the notarium in chicken?

Answer 3

Last cervical and 2 first thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

How many ribs do chickens have?

Answer 4

7 pairs

Question 5

What is the synsacrum formed by?

Answer 5

Last one or two thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacral vertebrae
First caudal vertebra

Question 6

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 6

Scapula
Coracoid bone
Clavicles

Question 7

What area is covered with scales?

Answer 7

Tarsometatarsus

Question 8

Where can viruses replicate causing it to break in the hock?

Answer 8

Tendon of the gastrocnemius

Question 9

When do spurs come?

Answer 9

When a rooster reaches sexual maturity

Question 10

What bones act as part of the respiratory system (pneumatic bones)?

Answer 10

Skull
Humerus
Clavicle
Sternum
Pelvic girdle
Lumbar and sacral vertebrae

Question 11

How do bones act as a part of the respiratory system?

Answer 11

They are hollow and filled with air

Question 12

What bones are medullary bones?

Answer 12

Long bones

Femur and tibiotarsus

Question 13

When is medullary bone formed?

Answer 13

When chickens reach sexual maturity

Question 14

What is medullary bone a source of?

Answer 14

Ca for eggshell formation

Question 15

What are the 2 types of muscular fibers?

Answer 15

White fibers

Red fibers

Question 16

What makes red fibers the way they are?

Answer 16

They are muscles with high metabolic demand

Question 17

What happens when the pectoralis major muscle contracts?

Answer 17

The wings move down

Question 18

What are the 3 chambers oronasal cavity?

Answer 18

Rostral
Middle
Caudal

Question 19

What are the nasal and oral cavity connected by?

Answer 19

Choanal cleft

Question 20

What is the airflow?

Answer 20

Nostrils
Nasal part of oronasal cavity
Passes through turbinates
Passes through palatine cleft to oral part of oronasal cavity
Pharynx
Larnyx
Trachea
Bronchi
Primary bonchi

Question 21

Why are the rings in the trachea closed in birds?

Answer 21

When birds fly they suffer from impact of the air and otherwise the trachea would not be able to close

Question 22

What is responsible for vocalization?

Answer 22

Syrinx

Question 23

What is the functional unit of the lung?

Answer 23

Parabronchi, which ramify into air capillaries

Question 24

What comprises most of the volume of the respiratory system?

Answer 24

Air sacs

Question 25

What is the enzymatic stomach?

Answer 25

Proventriculus (glandular)

Question 26

What is the muscular stomach?

Answer 26

Gizzard

Question 27

What happens in the gizzard?

Answer 27

It produces movement, pressure, and rotation

Question 28

What does the crop do?

Answer 28

Stores food Add moisture Some amylase activity

Question 29

How is nitrogen excreted in chickens?

Answer 29

Uric acid

Question 30

What is the cloaca?

Answer 30

An organ that is shared between the digestive tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract

Question 31

How do ureters reach the cloaca?

Answer 31

Through the urodeum

Question 32

How does the reproductive tract reach the cloaca?

Answer 32

Through the proctodeum

Question 33

How does the digestive tract reach the cloaca?

Answer 33

Through the coprodeum

Question 34

How many ovaries do hens have?

Answer 34

1, the left

Question 35

What are prehierarchal follicles?

Answer 35

Follicles that remain small and are not functional

Question 36

What do hierarchial follicles contribute to?

Answer 36

Yolk

Question 37

What does the postovulatory follicle serve as?

Answer 37

A temporary CL

Question 38

What are the parts of the left oviduct?

Answer 38

``` Infundibulum Magnum Isthmus Shell gland (uterus) Vagina ```

Question 39

What happens in the infundibulum?

Answer 39

Engulfs ovum upon ovulation, fertilization, first layer of albumin is produced Ovum resides here 18 minutes

Question 40

Describe the magnum

Answer 40

Largest portion Most of albumin is deposited Ovum resides here 3 hours

Question 41

Describe the isthmus

Answer 41

Both inner and outer shell membranes | Process takes 75 minutes

Question 42

Describe the shell gland

Answer 42

Formation of the egg shell Shell pigments are also deposited Process takes approximately 20 hours

Question 43

Describe the vagina

Answer 43

Produce cuticle and participates in expulsion of the egg | Spermatozoa are stored in uterovaginal junction

Question 44

What is the vestigial penis?

Answer 44

Phallus

Question 45

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 45

Bursa | Thymus

Question 46

Do chickens have lymph nodes?

Answer 46

No

Question 47

What does the harderian gland do?

Answer 47

Lunricates the nictitating membrane

Question 48

What happens in Marek's disease?

Answer 48

The tumor cells invade the sciatic nerve

Question 49

What are the combs important for?

Answer 49

Thermal regulation

Question 50

What is a good indicator of the health condition of a chicken?

Answer 50

The comb

Question 51

What lubricates the feathers?

Answer 51

Uropigeal gland

Question 52

What are the feathers of the wings?

Answer 52

Remiges

Question 53

What are the feathers of the body?

Answer 53

Contour feathers

Question 54

What does the afterfeather provide?

Answer 54

Isothermic isolation