Ruminant GI tract Flashcards
What are the parts of the stomach? Are they glandular or non-glandular?
Reticulum (non-glandular)
Rumen (non-glandular)
Omasum (non-glandular)
Abomasum (glandular)
What does the dorsal sac of the rumen have?
An atrium and a caudodorsal blind sac
What is the groove between the reticulum and rumen?
Ruminoreticular groove
What is the groove between the atrium and ruminal recess?
Cranial groove
What demarcates the blind sacs?
Coronary grooves
What is the disease when a wire gets stuck in the reticulum?
Traumatic reticulopericarditis (Hardware disease)
Where does the superficial leaf of the greater omentum attach?
To the greater curvature of the abomasum and all side of the rumen
Attaches to the left longitudinal groove
Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum attach?
To the right side of the rumen
Attaches to the right longitudinal groove
Where do the intestines sit?
Above the omentum in a pocket called the supraomental recess
Where does the lesser omentum attach?
Comes from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
What type of muscle is the esophagus? Why?
Striated muscle
Because of eructation
What are the 2 sphincters of the esophagus?
Pharyngoesophageal
Cardia
What is undeveloped in the calf at birth?
Reticulorumen
What makes up the gastric groove?
Reticular groove (esophageal groove)
Omasal grovoe
Abomasal groove
What is the purpose of the esophageal groove?
Closes when the calf starts suckling so the colostrum/milk goes directly to the abomasum
This is beneficial so that milk doesn’t sit in the rumen for too long
What is the size of the rumen?
40-60 gallons
What is the purpose of the rumen?
Digestion
Fermentation
What is the purpose of the pillars in the rumen?
Rumination and eructation
What is the purpose of the papillae in the rumen?
Increases absorptive surface
What are the VFAs in the rumen?
Acetate
Butyrate
Propionate
What are the mixing layers of the rumen?
Gas
Fiber mat
Fluid
What happens in the reticulum?
Fermentation continues
Retains food until particles are small enough to pass
Absorption of water and soluble vitamins
Absorption of VFAs
What occurs in the omasum?
Fluid absorption
How is particle size reduced in the omasum?
Grinding
What is the omasum known as?
Butcher’s bible
Manyplies
What happens in the abomasum?
Enzymatic digestion (HCl and pepsin secretion)
Degradation of microbes
Digestion protein to peptides and amino acids
What are the 3 regions of the abomasum?
Fundus
Body
Pyloric region
What happens in the small intestines?
Chemical and enzymatic digestion
Pancreatic and bile juice
Absorption of sugars, amino acids, microbial protein, long chain fatty acids, mineral and vitamins
Peristalsis
What happens in the large intestine?
Fermentation
Absorption of water, minerals, and VFAs
Which direction does the blind end of the cecum point?
Caudally
What is the movement of food starting with the cecum?
Cecum goes to proximal loop, which gives way to centripital coils
The second centripital coil hits the central flexure
Coils are now centrifugal
Distal loop
Transverse colon
Descending colon
What makes up the ascending colon?
Proximal loop Centripital coil Central flexure Centrifugal coil Distal loop
