Ruminant GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the stomach? Are they glandular or non-glandular?

A

Reticulum (non-glandular)
Rumen (non-glandular)
Omasum (non-glandular)
Abomasum (glandular)

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2
Q

What does the dorsal sac of the rumen have?

A

An atrium and a caudodorsal blind sac

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3
Q

What is the groove between the reticulum and rumen?

A

Ruminoreticular groove

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4
Q

What is the groove between the atrium and ruminal recess?

A

Cranial groove

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5
Q

What demarcates the blind sacs?

A

Coronary grooves

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6
Q

What is the disease when a wire gets stuck in the reticulum?

A

Traumatic reticulopericarditis (Hardware disease)

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7
Q

Where does the superficial leaf of the greater omentum attach?

A

To the greater curvature of the abomasum and all side of the rumen
Attaches to the left longitudinal groove

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8
Q

Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum attach?

A

To the right side of the rumen

Attaches to the right longitudinal groove

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9
Q

Where do the intestines sit?

A

Above the omentum in a pocket called the supraomental recess

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10
Q

Where does the lesser omentum attach?

A

Comes from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

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11
Q

What type of muscle is the esophagus? Why?

A

Striated muscle

Because of eructation

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12
Q

What are the 2 sphincters of the esophagus?

A

Pharyngoesophageal

Cardia

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13
Q

What is undeveloped in the calf at birth?

A

Reticulorumen

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14
Q

What makes up the gastric groove?

A

Reticular groove (esophageal groove)
Omasal grovoe
Abomasal groove

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the esophageal groove?

A

Closes when the calf starts suckling so the colostrum/milk goes directly to the abomasum
This is beneficial so that milk doesn’t sit in the rumen for too long

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16
Q

What is the size of the rumen?

A

40-60 gallons

17
Q

What is the purpose of the rumen?

A

Digestion

Fermentation

18
Q

What is the purpose of the pillars in the rumen?

A

Rumination and eructation

19
Q

What is the purpose of the papillae in the rumen?

A

Increases absorptive surface

20
Q

What are the VFAs in the rumen?

A

Acetate
Butyrate
Propionate

21
Q

What are the mixing layers of the rumen?

A

Gas
Fiber mat
Fluid

22
Q

What happens in the reticulum?

A

Fermentation continues
Retains food until particles are small enough to pass
Absorption of water and soluble vitamins
Absorption of VFAs

23
Q

What occurs in the omasum?

A

Fluid absorption

24
Q

How is particle size reduced in the omasum?

25
What is the omasum known as?
Butcher's bible | Manyplies
26
What happens in the abomasum?
Enzymatic digestion (HCl and pepsin secretion) Degradation of microbes Digestion protein to peptides and amino acids
27
What are the 3 regions of the abomasum?
Fundus Body Pyloric region
28
What happens in the small intestines?
Chemical and enzymatic digestion Pancreatic and bile juice Absorption of sugars, amino acids, microbial protein, long chain fatty acids, mineral and vitamins Peristalsis
29
What happens in the large intestine?
Fermentation | Absorption of water, minerals, and VFAs
30
Which direction does the blind end of the cecum point?
Caudally
31
What is the movement of food starting with the cecum?
Cecum goes to proximal loop, which gives way to centripital coils The second centripital coil hits the central flexure Coils are now centrifugal Distal loop Transverse colon Descending colon
32
What makes up the ascending colon?
``` Proximal loop Centripital coil Central flexure Centrifugal coil Distal loop ```