spine Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae are in the spine

A

24

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2
Q

how many of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are there

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar

sacrum = 5 fused vertebrae
cocyx = 3-5 fused vertabrea

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3
Q

what is in-between each vertebrae

A

intervertebral disc

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4
Q

what is the function of the intervertebral disc

A

absorb shock

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5
Q

what is the intervertebral disc made of

A

outer annulus fibrosis (fibrocartilage)

inside nucleus pulposes

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6
Q

what happens when you get a slipped disc

A

nucleus pulposes herniates out the annulus fibrosis and presses on spinal nerves

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7
Q

what is vertebrae c1 and c2 known as

A

c1= atlas
c2 = axis

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8
Q

what allows the nodding of the head

A

atlanto-occipital joints of the atlas (c1) allow the flexion and extension of head

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9
Q

what type of joints are the Atlanta-occipital joints

A

condyloid synovial joints

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10
Q

what allows you to turn your head left and right

A

c2

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11
Q

state all the components of a thoracic vertabrae

A

vertebral body
superior and inferior articular process
laminar
spinous process
transverse process

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12
Q

what are the joints that joint adjacent vertebrae’s together + what type of joints are they

A

zygaphophyseal joints
synovial joints

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12
Q

state all the components of a cervial vertebrae

A

transverse foramen
vertebral foramen
lamina
spinous process (bifid)
pedicle
transverse process
superior and inferior articular process

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13
Q

how does the rib articulate with the thoracic vetabrae

A

via the superior and inferior demifacets and theres a facet on the transverse process that articulates with the tubercle of the rib

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14
Q

how do adjacent vertebrae interact with each other

A

via the superior and inferior articulate facets

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15
Q

what is the function of intervertebral foramen between articulating vertebrae

A

where spinal nerves emerge from

16
Q

from which vertebrae have the zygopopheaseal joing

A

The zygapophyseal joints extend between the axis (C2) and the first sacral vertebra (S1).

17
Q

what joint joins the c1 and c2

A

Atlanta-axial joint

18
Q

what do you call the joints between the vertebrae and ribs

A

costovertebral joints

19
Q

what do you call the joints between the transverse process and tuberosity of the rib

A

costotrasnverse joints

20
Q

what do you call the joints between the bones of the spine

A

facet joints

21
Q

what do you call the joint that joins the sacrum and ilium

A

sacroiliac joint

22
Q

what movements do the thoraspic spine allow

A

lateral flexion and rotation

23
Q

hat movements do the lumbar spine allow

A

flexion and extention

24
Q

what type of movements do the cervical spine allow

A

all
flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation

25
Q

what feature of the atlas/c1 allow the nodding movement

A

the saddle shaped superior articular facets

26
Q

what feature of the axis/c2 allow the rotation of the neck

A

prong of the dens povide an axis which allows the atlas to rotate side to side

27
Q

what 2 muscle groups help the spinal movements and which muscle groups help with what movements

A

back muscles = help with extensioon

abdominal muscles = help with flexion, lateral flexion and rotation

28
Q

specifically what muscles help with extention

A

erector spinae muscles

29
Q

specifically what muscles help flextion

A

rectus abdominis

30
Q

specifically what muscles help lateral flexion and rotation

A

quadrates lumborum
internal/external obliques
transverse abdominis

31
Q

what are the curvatures of the spine

A

cervial and lumbar = lordosis

thoracic and sacral = kyphosis

32
Q

what do you call the extreme curvature of the thoracic spine

A

thoracic hyperkyphosis

33
Q

what do you call the extreme curvature of the lumbar spine

A

lumbar hyperlordisis

34
Q

what are the 5 ligaments of the spine

A

anterior/posterior longitudinal ligament
supraspinous/intraspinous ligament
ligamentum flavus (on both side so ligament flava)

35
Q
A