spine Flashcards
how many vertebrae are in the spine
24
how many of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are there
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacrum = 5 fused vertebrae
cocyx = 3-5 fused vertabrea
what is in-between each vertebrae
intervertebral disc
what is the function of the intervertebral disc
absorb shock
what is the intervertebral disc made of
outer annulus fibrosis (fibrocartilage)
inside nucleus pulposes
what happens when you get a slipped disc
nucleus pulposes herniates out the annulus fibrosis and presses on spinal nerves
what is vertebrae c1 and c2 known as
c1= atlas
c2 = axis
what allows the nodding of the head
atlanto-occipital joints of the atlas (c1) allow the flexion and extension of head
what type of joints are the Atlanta-occipital joints
condyloid synovial joints
what allows you to turn your head left and right
c2
state all the components of a thoracic vertabrae
vertebral body
superior and inferior articular process
laminar
spinous process
transverse process
what are the joints that joint adjacent vertebrae’s together + what type of joints are they
zygaphophyseal joints
synovial joints
state all the components of a cervial vertebrae
transverse foramen
vertebral foramen
lamina
spinous process (bifid)
pedicle
transverse process
superior and inferior articular process
how does the rib articulate with the thoracic vetabrae
via the superior and inferior demifacets and theres a facet on the transverse process that articulates with the tubercle of the rib
how do adjacent vertebrae interact with each other
via the superior and inferior articulate facets
what is the function of intervertebral foramen between articulating vertebrae
where spinal nerves emerge from
from which vertebrae have the zygopopheaseal joing
The zygapophyseal joints extend between the axis (C2) and the first sacral vertebra (S1).
what joint joins the c1 and c2
Atlanta-axial joint
what do you call the joints between the vertebrae and ribs
costovertebral joints
what do you call the joints between the transverse process and tuberosity of the rib
costotrasnverse joints
what do you call the joints between the bones of the spine
facet joints
what do you call the joint that joins the sacrum and ilium
sacroiliac joint
what movements do the thoraspic spine allow
lateral flexion and rotation
hat movements do the lumbar spine allow
flexion and extention
what type of movements do the cervical spine allow
all
flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation
what feature of the atlas/c1 allow the nodding movement
the saddle shaped superior articular facets
what feature of the axis/c2 allow the rotation of the neck
prong of the dens povide an axis which allows the atlas to rotate side to side
what 2 muscle groups help the spinal movements and which muscle groups help with what movements
back muscles = help with extensioon
abdominal muscles = help with flexion, lateral flexion and rotation
specifically what muscles help with extention
erector spinae muscles
specifically what muscles help flextion
rectus abdominis
specifically what muscles help lateral flexion and rotation
quadrates lumborum
internal/external obliques
transverse abdominis
what are the curvatures of the spine
cervial and lumbar = lordosis
thoracic and sacral = kyphosis
what do you call the extreme curvature of the thoracic spine
thoracic hyperkyphosis
what do you call the extreme curvature of the lumbar spine
lumbar hyperlordisis
what are the 5 ligaments of the spine
anterior/posterior longitudinal ligament
supraspinous/intraspinous ligament
ligamentum flavus (on both side so ligament flava)
