lymphatics system Flashcards
what are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system
removes overflow of extracellular fluid
absorbs fats
immunity
what pressure pushes fluids out of the arterioles
hydrostatic pressure
how much overflow extracellular fluid drains into the lymphatic system
3-4l
what 3 substances are contained in lymphatic fluid
leaked plasma protein
bacteria
cell debris
where does the beginning of lymphatic build generation begin
capillary beds
how is tissue fluid formed
in the capillary beds the hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end is greater than the pressure outside so it forces water, solutes and hydrophilic molecules out
what feature of the lymph vessels make it easy for fluid to enter
endothelial flaps
how many litres of fluid is produced in the capillary beds daily
21
what prevents back flow of lymphatic fluid
lymph nodes
how do lymph nodes act as immunological filters
they contain lymphocytes which kill pathogens
where do lymph nose deposit the build back into the system
subclavicular veins
what are the 2 lymphatic trunks that all lymph vessels converge into
right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct
what do you call in swelling of the inferior portion of the thoracic duct
cisterna chyli
the body is divided into 4 quadrants, what sections do either of the lymphatic trunks drain
right lymphatic trunk only drains the right upper quadrant
the thoracic duct drains the top left and both lower quadrants
what does the lymph nodes drain into in the right lymphatic trunk?
right venous angle
( angle in-between the right subclavicular vein and right internal jugular vein)
why do lymph nodes follow the arteries
the pulsatile nature of the arteries helps push the lymph forward
where does fat absorption occur
in the intestines
what are villi
projections of gut epithelia that give increased surface area for more nutrient absorption
fatty acids in the venous system can cause damage, what does the lymph nodes help do
absorbed by lymphatic system in lacteals
the format of the fatty acids are packaged in chylomicrons (which can be safely transported in venous system)
chylomicrons travel through lymphatic system and then dumped back into venous system in safe manner
what is chylothorax
leaking of chylomicrons from the lymphatic system/thoracix duct showing a milky white colour/consolidation
what white blood cells does the lymphatic system make
lymphocytes
start off as pro lymphocytes that develop in bone marroe
what 2 types of lymphocytes are they matured into
B cells and t cells
where do the b and T cells go to fight pathogens
secondary lymphoid tissue
whats the difference between b and T cells when they fight pathogens
B cells= trigger antibody-mediated response (release antibodies to fight)
T-cells= trigger cell-mediated response ( use pathogens and cytokines to fight)
what are the 3 functions of the spleen
store blood
filters out broken RBC
immune response for blood infections
how does the spleen remove broken RBC
forces RBC through tight spaces and those that cant get filtered out
how much blood can be stored in the spleen
350 ml
what features of the spleen filters RBC and contains the lymphocytes etc
red pulp= filters abc
white pulp= contains lympocytes
what ribs do the spleen typically lie behind
9-11
where is the thymus (primary lymphoid tissue in body) located
anterior to the great vessels but posterior to the sternum
why can we only see the thymus on kids not adults
lymphocytes from bone marrow migrate to thymus when we r born to mature into T cells
once all T cells are made, they divide and proliferate amongst themselves
(this process is passed down generations so thymus isnt needed anymore)
thymus function decreases with age and turns to fat and fat cant be seen on xrays (involution)
what is involution
thymus function decreases with age and turns to fat and fat cant be seen on xrays
what is lymphodema
damage to lymphatic system which causes swelling
