spine Flashcards
purpose of the curves
absorb shock
keep us over our BOS
decreased shock in spine
primary curvatures
thoracic kyphosis
sacral kyphosis
at first what is our spine in
flexion
c-shape
secondary curvatures
cervical lordosis
lumbar lordosis
cervical lordosis
3 month as we lift our head
lumbar lordosis
10 months to 1 yrs old
as we stand upright
the vertebral body discs have a good blood supply
true or false
FALSE
hemopoiesis
hemopoiesis
make blood and diffuse it into discs
role of annulus fibrosis
contain the nucleus and resist tensile forces
vertebral motion dynamics
amount of motion depends on size of the discs in relation to the vertebral body
direction of motion depends on facet joint orientation
greatest disc to body ratio
cervical spine
smallest disc to body ratio
t spine
d/t ribs with costal facets and long spinous processes limiting
ligamentum flavum
runs from lamina to lamina
prevents capsule from getting pinched
protects anterior medial facet joints
—>prevents flexion
what limits flexion
supraspinous
interspinous
ligamentum flavum
PLL
what limits extension
anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior annulus fibrosis
Fryette’s first law
in neutral (no flexion or extension)
side bending and rotation are OPPOSITE
example of fryette’s first law (SB to R)
side bending to the right
rotation to the left
fryette’s second law
full flexion or extension
side bending and rotation to the SAME side
example of fryette’s 2nd law (SB to L)
side bending to the left
rotate to the left
arthrokinematics upper cervical
C1 on C2
convex occiput on convex atlas
arthrokinematics OA (atlanto-occipital)
convex occipital condyles on concave atlas
arthrokinematics AA (atlanto-axial)
50% of 90 degrees of cervical rotation
what type of fryette’s occurs at an upper cervical or OA joint
first law (type 1)
couple opposite
if we side tilt –> we get rotation in the opposite direction
what type of fryette’s occurs at the mid and lower cervical spine
type 2 (second law)
if we side tilt –> we get rotation to the same side
presentation of cervical vertebrae
short bifid spinous process
body has uncinate processes (saddle joint) / joints of luschka
transverse foramen
greater mobility allowed
presentation of thoracic vertebrae
long spinous process
body has costal facets
do atlas and axis have a disc
no
c1 atlas has no…
body
dens is there in place
most impinged ligament of atlas and axis
transverse ligament
disc to body ration
larger the ratio, the more motion
which spine has the greatest disc to body ratio
c-spine
other structures that dictate the motion of the spine
orientation of the facets
–> in the L-spine
——–> rotation is limited d/t orientation
————-> leads to greater flexion and extension
flexion and side bending in the L-spine, where do the facets go?
in flexed or extended position
—> motions are coupled so facets move in the same direction
type 2 mechanics
in neutral –> rotation in the opposite direction (Type 1)
ipsilateral SB and contralateral rotation of the neck
sternocleidomastoid
what nerve gets entrapped in the semispinalis group
greater occipital
function of longus coli
stabilizes lordotic curve
2 muscles that work together too stabilize the upper head and neck
longus capitis and coli work in synergy w/ upper traps to stabilize head and neck so traps can upwardly rotate the scap
posteriorly, what muscles in C-spine pull backwards to keep us from shearing forward
levator and scalenes
pt reached up to paint the ceiling, and went into extension of T-spine, what would the ribs do
external torsion
pt bend over to tie shoe, and went into flexion of T-spine, what would the ribs do
internal torsion
what rib does T8 move
rib 9
vertebrae moves rib below
thoracic spine
less motion
more stable
costal facets
thinner discs
wedge shaped
longer spinous processes
ribs attach here
lumbar spine
facet joints in sagittal plane
GOOD w/ flexion and extension
poor rotation
lumbosacral junction
facets go back to frontal plane
decrease anterior shearing forces
SF later erector spinae
longer MA therefore more movement
what can the psoas do to a single level in the lumbar spine
hip/lumbar flexion
T or F
the pubic symphysis is the axis upon which the innominates rotate
true
lumbar spine extension–> what does the sacrum do
nutation
rotation in the lumbar spine
muscles do both rotation and side bending
external obliques –> contralateral rotation
internal obliques –> ipsilateral rotation
obliques together –> flex and rotate
rotation when sitting
must utilize muscles that extend and rotate
usually multifidus but can be psoas too
multifidus –> extension and contralateral rotation of spine
psoas creates anterior shear of spine if not checked
importance of lumbo-sacral angle
inclination angle b/w l-spine and sacrum
L5 can shear forward so L4 and L5 must provide extra stabilization
–> L5 inferior articular facets - oriented frontal and sit on sacrum preventing shearing
–> multifidus
–> iliolumbar ligament
cause of posterior pelvic tilt?
abdominals pulling on pubis, glutes and hamstrings pull on ischial tub
cause of anterior pelvic tilt
iliacus
psoas
TFL
Sartorius
flexion L-spine
what does the sacrum do
extend
counternutation
what axis does sacrum rotate on during rotation
oblique
what is oblique axis named by
base it starts at
but other base will be the free base to move
single leg stance mechanics
quadratus lumborum
glute med and min adductor contribution
function of piriformis
sacrum stabilizer
