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Kines exam 3 > spine > Flashcards

spine Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of the curves

A

absorb shock

keep us over our BOS

decreased shock in spine

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2
Q

primary curvatures

A

thoracic kyphosis

sacral kyphosis

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3
Q

at first what is our spine in

A

flexion

c-shape

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4
Q

secondary curvatures

A

cervical lordosis

lumbar lordosis

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5
Q

cervical lordosis

A

3 month as we lift our head

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6
Q

lumbar lordosis

A

10 months to 1 yrs old

as we stand upright

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7
Q

the vertebral body discs have a good blood supply

true or false

A

FALSE

hemopoiesis

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8
Q

hemopoiesis

A

make blood and diffuse it into discs

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9
Q

role of annulus fibrosis

A

contain the nucleus and resist tensile forces

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10
Q

vertebral motion dynamics

A

amount of motion depends on size of the discs in relation to the vertebral body

direction of motion depends on facet joint orientation

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11
Q

greatest disc to body ratio

A

cervical spine

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12
Q

smallest disc to body ratio

A

t spine

d/t ribs with costal facets and long spinous processes limiting

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13
Q

ligamentum flavum

A

runs from lamina to lamina

prevents capsule from getting pinched

protects anterior medial facet joints

—>prevents flexion

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14
Q

what limits flexion

A

supraspinous

interspinous

ligamentum flavum

PLL

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15
Q

what limits extension

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

anterior annulus fibrosis

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16
Q

Fryette’s first law

A

in neutral (no flexion or extension)

side bending and rotation are OPPOSITE

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17
Q

example of fryette’s first law (SB to R)

A

side bending to the right

rotation to the left

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18
Q

fryette’s second law

A

full flexion or extension

side bending and rotation to the SAME side

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19
Q

example of fryette’s 2nd law (SB to L)

A

side bending to the left

rotate to the left

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20
Q

arthrokinematics upper cervical

A

C1 on C2

convex occiput on convex atlas

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21
Q

arthrokinematics OA (atlanto-occipital)

A

convex occipital condyles on concave atlas

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22
Q

arthrokinematics AA (atlanto-axial)

A

50% of 90 degrees of cervical rotation

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23
Q

what type of fryette’s occurs at an upper cervical or OA joint

A

first law (type 1)

couple opposite

if we side tilt –> we get rotation in the opposite direction

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24
Q

what type of fryette’s occurs at the mid and lower cervical spine

A

type 2 (second law)

if we side tilt –> we get rotation to the same side

25
Q

presentation of cervical vertebrae

A

short bifid spinous process

body has uncinate processes (saddle joint) / joints of luschka

transverse foramen

greater mobility allowed

26
Q

presentation of thoracic vertebrae

A

long spinous process

body has costal facets

27
Q

do atlas and axis have a disc

A

no

28
Q

c1 atlas has no…

A

body

dens is there in place

29
Q

most impinged ligament of atlas and axis

A

transverse ligament

30
Q

disc to body ration

A

larger the ratio, the more motion

31
Q

which spine has the greatest disc to body ratio

A

c-spine

32
Q

other structures that dictate the motion of the spine

A

orientation of the facets

–> in the L-spine
——–> rotation is limited d/t orientation
————-> leads to greater flexion and extension

33
Q

flexion and side bending in the L-spine, where do the facets go?

A

in flexed or extended position
—> motions are coupled so facets move in the same direction

type 2 mechanics

in neutral –> rotation in the opposite direction (Type 1)

34
Q

ipsilateral SB and contralateral rotation of the neck

A

sternocleidomastoid

35
Q

what nerve gets entrapped in the semispinalis group

A

greater occipital

36
Q

function of longus coli

A

stabilizes lordotic curve

37
Q

2 muscles that work together too stabilize the upper head and neck

A

longus capitis and coli work in synergy w/ upper traps to stabilize head and neck so traps can upwardly rotate the scap

38
Q

posteriorly, what muscles in C-spine pull backwards to keep us from shearing forward

A

levator and scalenes

39
Q

pt reached up to paint the ceiling, and went into extension of T-spine, what would the ribs do

A

external torsion

40
Q

pt bend over to tie shoe, and went into flexion of T-spine, what would the ribs do

A

internal torsion

41
Q

what rib does T8 move

A

rib 9

vertebrae moves rib below

42
Q

thoracic spine

A

less motion

more stable

costal facets

thinner discs

wedge shaped

longer spinous processes

ribs attach here

43
Q

lumbar spine

A

facet joints in sagittal plane

GOOD w/ flexion and extension

poor rotation

44
Q

lumbosacral junction

A

facets go back to frontal plane

decrease anterior shearing forces

45
Q

SF later erector spinae

A

longer MA therefore more movement

46
Q

what can the psoas do to a single level in the lumbar spine

A

hip/lumbar flexion

47
Q

T or F

the pubic symphysis is the axis upon which the innominates rotate

A

true

48
Q

lumbar spine extension–> what does the sacrum do

A

nutation

49
Q

rotation in the lumbar spine

A

muscles do both rotation and side bending

external obliques –> contralateral rotation

internal obliques –> ipsilateral rotation

obliques together –> flex and rotate

50
Q

rotation when sitting

A

must utilize muscles that extend and rotate

usually multifidus but can be psoas too

multifidus –> extension and contralateral rotation of spine

psoas creates anterior shear of spine if not checked

51
Q

importance of lumbo-sacral angle

A

inclination angle b/w l-spine and sacrum

L5 can shear forward so L4 and L5 must provide extra stabilization

–> L5 inferior articular facets - oriented frontal and sit on sacrum preventing shearing

–> multifidus

–> iliolumbar ligament

52
Q

cause of posterior pelvic tilt?

A

abdominals pulling on pubis, glutes and hamstrings pull on ischial tub

53
Q

cause of anterior pelvic tilt

A

iliacus

psoas

TFL

Sartorius

54
Q

flexion L-spine

what does the sacrum do

A

extend

counternutation

55
Q

what axis does sacrum rotate on during rotation

A

oblique

56
Q

what is oblique axis named by

A

base it starts at

but other base will be the free base to move

57
Q

single leg stance mechanics

A

quadratus lumborum

glute med and min adductor contribution

58
Q

function of piriformis

A

sacrum stabilizer

Kines exam 3 (14 decks)

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