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Kines exam 3 > respiration intro > Flashcards

respiration intro Flashcards

1
Q

the thorax is

A

the upper part of the trunk

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2
Q

what is enclosed w/in the rib cage

A

thoracic cavity

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3
Q

what dose the thoracic cavity enclose

A

mediastinum and lungs

lungs –> respiration

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4
Q

respiration

A

the process of inspiration and expiration is a complex series of events dependent on the structure and fxn of the thorax and chest wall

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5
Q

rib cage

A

a resilient, expandable skeletal frame

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6
Q

what is the ribcage constructed of

A

sternum

ribs

costal cartilage

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7
Q

how is the ribcage supported

A

vertebral column

forms the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity

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8
Q

purpose of the ribcage

A

protect the vital organs of the anterior and lateral thorax from trauma

help stiffen and straighten the thoracic spine in 3 ways

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9
Q

3 ways the thoracic spine helps stiffen and straighten the thoracic spine

A

via the costovertebral joint

increases inertia

provides added strength and energy absorption during trauma

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10
Q

via the costovertebral joint –> ribcage

A

attaching their ribs and their sternal connections to the vertebrae

they stiffen the thoracic spine

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11
Q

increases inertia –> ribcage

A

increasing the diameter (fxnal diameter of the spine)

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12
Q

articulations of the ribcage

A

manubriosternal and xiphisternal joints

costovertebral joint

costotransverse joint

chostochondral joints

chondrosternal joints

interchondral joints

floating ribs

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13
Q

manubriosternal joints

A

each joint is synchondrosis

it moves as one unit

built for stability

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14
Q

costovertebral joint

A

the first 2 ways that the ribs attach posteriorly to the vertebral column

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15
Q

costovertebral joint articulation

A

joint formed by the head of the rib and 2 demifacets found on adjacent thoracic vertebrae

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16
Q

ribs 10-12 costovertebral joints

A

have only 1 articular facet on their head to articulate w/ one thoracic vertebrae

affects the mobility of those ribs

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17
Q

description of costovertebral joints

A

a plane synovial joint

composed of slightly convex head of the rib articulating w/ 2 concave demifacets on the thoracic vertebrae

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18
Q

motions at the costovertebral joint

A

rotation and gliding

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19
Q

ligaments and joint capsule –>costovertebral joint

A

each surface is joined by a thin fibrous capsule and supplying ligaments

radiate ligament

interosseous ligament

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20
Q

radiate ligament –> costovertebral joint

A

firmly connects to the capsule and has 3 bands

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21
Q

radiate ligament fxn –> costovertebral joint

A

hold the head of the rib to the costovertebral joint

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22
Q

interosseous ligament –> costovertebral joint

A

ribs 2-10

lies w/in the capsule

tethers the head of the rib to the annulus that lies b/w the demifacets

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23
Q

another name for the interosseous ligament

A

interarticular ligament

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24
Q

the tenth rib is a

A

transitional rib

can articulate with 1 or 2 demifacets

sometimes has an interosseous ligament

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25
Q

costotransverse joint

A

the second way the ribs attach posteriorly to the vertebral column

26
Q

articulation of the costotransverse joint

A

formed by the articulation of the costal tubercle of the rib w/ a costal facet on the transverse process of the 1st-10th thoracic vertebrae

27
Q

why don’t the 11th and 12th ribs have costotransverse joints

A

don’t have articular tubercles –> no costotransverse joint

sometimes the 10th won’t have either b/c it is transitional

28
Q

the 11th and 12th ribs are

A

less stable b/c they have one less attachment

more mobility

29
Q

costotransverse joint description

A

plan synovial joint

composed of the concave costal facet and the convex costal tubercle from T1-T6 or T7

allowing some rotation b/w segments

30
Q

costotransverse joint from T7 or T8-T10

A

both articular surfaces are flat, where gliding motions predominate

31
Q

ligaments and capsule –>costotransverse joint

A

the joint capsule is strengthened by 3 major ligaments

interosseous ligament

lateral and superior costotransverse ligaments

32
Q

what is the lateral costotransverse ligament also called

A

posterior costotransverse ligament

33
Q

chostochondral joints

A

composed of the first through the seventh ribs articulating with costal cartilages

34
Q

chostochondral joints description

A

synchondrosis surrounded by periosteum

built for stability

no ligamentous support

when the ribs move, the costal cartilage will move

35
Q

chondrosternal joints

A

composed of the costal cartilages articulating with the manubriosternal

36
Q

chondrosternal joints –> ribs 2-7

A

there is some movement

thin capsule that is reinforced by posterior and anterior radiate ligaments

doesn’t move the manubrium***

37
Q

first chondrosternal joint

A

when the first rib moves –> the manubrium will move –> sternum will move

no mobility b/w the joint

38
Q

interchondral joints

A

8th-10th costal cartilages articulate with cartilage immediately above them

attaching the sternum by a fused costal cartilage

39
Q

floating ribs

A

11th and 12th ribs

have no attachment to the sternum

no attachments anteriorly or to the transverse process

40
Q

are the 11th and 12th ribs entirely floating

A

no

they attach to the vertebrae by a costovertebral joint

41
Q

shape of the ribs

A

slope downward from medial to lateral aspect

from the posterior vertebral attachments to their anterior sternal attachment –>ribs slope downward

not the costal cartilage but the ribs*

42
Q

first rib

A

costal cartilage is very stiff

chondrosternal joint is cartilaginous and not synovial

permitting very little movement

43
Q

first ribs articulates

A

@ the costovertebral joint with a single facet

no interosseous ligament

increased mobility of the first rib at the costovertebral joint

44
Q

what does the first rib do during inspiration

A

elevate and move superiorly and posteriorly at the costovertebral joint

if the posterior portion moves, the anterior part is going to move –> manubrium follows –> sternum follows

45
Q

ribs 2-10 axis of motion

A

there is a common axis for movement at the costotransverse and costovertebral joints

46
Q

ribs 2-10 –> axis of motion

A

line drawn that intersects both joints

axis will change position from the superior ribs to the inferior ribs

47
Q

ribs 2-7 axis

A

closer to the frontal plane

48
Q

at inferior ribs (8-10) axis

A

closer to the sagittal plane

49
Q

superior ribs (2-7) axis

A

closer to the frontal plane

“pump handle motion”

50
Q

pump handle motion

A

upward and forward motion of the ribs

results in increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest

51
Q

inferior ribs (8-10) axis

A

closer to the sagittal plane

“bucket handle motion”

52
Q

bucket handle motion

A

upward and lateral movement of the ribs

results in increased medial-lateral diameter of the chest

53
Q

ribs 11-12 floating ribs

A

no anterior attachment

articulate posteriorly w/ only a single vertebral facet

no costotransverse joint

54
Q

what does the diaphragm attach to

A

ribs 11-12

55
Q

what is important for adequate diaphragmatic muscle tension

A

11th and 12th ribs must be stabilized

quadratus lumborum

56
Q

sternum

A

d/t the closed kinematic chain formed by the ribs and sternum

there must be sternal motion when you have rib movement

57
Q

the sternum will move

A

upward

resulting in increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest

58
Q

what happens to allow movement of the sternum

A

twisting of the costal cartilage that allows for movement

59
Q

as you age

A

the flexibility of the costal cartilage decrease

–> decreased flexibility with limit inspiration

—> less diameter of the chest wall

—-> increased pressure

—–> harder to breathe

60
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the costal cartilage

painful with inspiration

61
Q

elasticity of ribcage

A

relaxation of the inspiratory muscles

passive recoil of the ribcage

d/t unwinding of the costal cartilage

62
Q

elasticity is responsible for

A

quiet respiration

Kines exam 3 (14 decks)

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