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Kines exam 3 > hip joint - kines > Flashcards

hip joint - kines Flashcards

1
Q

hip joint articulation

A

b/w the acetabulum of the pelvis proximally and the head of the femur distally

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2
Q

the hip joint is also called the

A

coxafemoral joint

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3
Q

what is the acetabulum

A

cup-like concave socket

located on the lateral aspect of the pelvic bone

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4
Q

how is the acetabulum oriented

A

faces laterally and somewhat inferiorly and anteriorly

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5
Q

acetabular labrum functions

A
  1. deepens the socket
  2. increases the concavity b/c it is triangular shaped
  3. grasp the head of the femur to maintain contact with the acetabulum
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6
Q

the head of the femur is oriented

A

by the femoral neck

medially, superiorly and anteriorly

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7
Q

coxafemoral joint description

A

diarthrodial joint

ball and socket

3 degrees of freedom

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8
Q

what motions does the coxafemoral joint do

A

ABD/ADD

IR/ER

Flexion/Ext

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9
Q

ROM flexion

A

0-90 w/ knee extended

0-120 or 135 w/ knee flexed

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10
Q

ROM extension

A

0-10 or 30

probably closer to 0, anything beyond 10 may be anterior pelvic tilt or lumbar spine motion

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11
Q

ROM ABD

A

0-30 or 50

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12
Q

ROM ADD

A

0-10 or 30

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13
Q

ROM IR

A

0-30 or 45

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14
Q

ROM ER

A

0-45 or 60

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15
Q

mechanical axis of the femur

A

line drawn from center of the femoral head

–> passes though a point in b/w the femoral condyles

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16
Q

where is the mechanical axis

A

most of it is outside the bone

–> can cause bending of the femur

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17
Q

what is the mechanical axis of the femur also called

A

weight bearing axis

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18
Q

angles of the femur

A

created by the head and neck of the femur on the shaft

head-neck angle of inclination

angle of torsion

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19
Q

head-neck angle of inclination

A

occurs in the frontal plane

angle formed by the intersection of the femoral neck axis and the femoral shaft axis

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20
Q

what is a normal head-neck angle for adults

A

125

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21
Q

what is head-neck angle at birth

A

150

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22
Q

head-neck angle types

A

coxa vara

coxa valga

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23
Q

coxa vara

A

decrease in the head neck angle

femoral head is pointing down

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24
Q

coxa vara results in

A

increased joint congruency

increased moment arm for the ABD
leg length discrepancy

increased shear force

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25
Q

coxa vara –> increased joint congruency

A

femoral head facing more towards acetabulum

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26
Q

coxa vara –> increased moment arm for..

A

ABDs

need less force production to produce the same amount of torque

less compression on the joint

muscles dont have to work as hard

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27
Q

coxa vara –> leg length discrepancy

A

affected femur will be too short compared to the unaffected side

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28
Q

coxa vara –> increased shear force

A

on the femoral neck and head

increased risk of fx of the femoral neck

moves mechanical axis medially and more outside the bone

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29
Q

coxa valga

A

increase in the head neck angle

30
Q

coxa valga results in

A

decreased joint congruity

decreased moment arm for ABD

leg length discrepancies

31
Q

coxa valga –> decreased joint congruity

A

increased chance of dislocation

32
Q

coxa valga –> decreased moment arm for…

A

ABDs

increased muscle force required to create the same amount of torque

increase compression on the joint

33
Q

coxa valga –> leg length discrepancy

A

affected femur is too long

34
Q

angle of torsion of the femur

A

twisting

occurs in the transverse plane b/w the femoral neck axis and the transcondylar axis

35
Q

what is the angle of torsion referred to as

A

anteversion

36
Q

anteversion in a normal adult

A

15 degrees

37
Q

anteversion in an infant

A

up to 40

38
Q

pathological increase in the angle of torsion

A

anteversion

39
Q

beyond 15 degrees of anteversion

A

someone is considered to have an anteverted hip

femoral head is facing more anteriorly
–> toes medially rotate
–> toe is posture

40
Q

what happens to IR with anteversion

A

there is more room to glide posteriorly

increased IR

41
Q

what happens to ER anteversion

A

decrease in ER
–> little room to glide anteriorly

42
Q

pathological decrease in the angle or torsion

A

retroversion

femoral head is facing too far posteriorly
–> toe out posture

anything less than 15 degrees is a retroverted hip

43
Q

what is a retroverted hip d/t

A

w sitting

intrauterine “packaging”

44
Q

what happens to ER –> retroversion

A

increases

more room to glide anteriorly

45
Q

what happens to IR –> retroversion

A

decreases

less room to glide posteriorly

46
Q

arthrokinematics –> open chain

A

convex femur moves on the concave acetabulum

BM + roll –> same

glide –> opposite

47
Q

flexion and extension arthrokinematics

A

Flexion: BM + R –> A, G –> P

Extension: BM + R –> P, G –> A

48
Q

ABD and ADD arthrokinematics

A

ABD: BM + R –> S, G –> I

ADD: BM + R –> I, G –> S

49
Q

IR and ER arthrokinematics

A

IR: BM + R –> A, G –> P

ER: BM + R –> P, G –> A

50
Q

arthrokinematics –> closed kinetic chain

A

pelvis moves on the femur

concave on convex –> everything same direction

51
Q

motions of closed kinetic chain

A

anterior and posterior pelvic tilt

lateral pelvic tilt

pelvic rotation

52
Q

anterior pelvic tilt

A

occurs in sagittal plane

relative hip flexion counteracted by the extenders

53
Q

posterior pelvic tilt

A

occurs in sagittal plane

relative hip extension counteracted by the flexors

54
Q

lateral pelvic tilt

A

occurs in the frontal plane around an A-P axis

hip hiking (iliac crest elevates)

hip drop (iliac crest drops)

55
Q

hip hike

A

relative ABD

counteracted by ADDs

56
Q

hip drop

A

relative ADD

counteracted by ABDs

57
Q

pelvic rotation

A

transverse plane around a vertical axis

58
Q

relative internal rotation

A

rip hip with left forward rotation

left hip with right forward rotation

59
Q

relative external rotation

A

left backward rotation –> relative ER of right hip

right backward rotation –> relative ER of left hip

60
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

fan shaped ligament on the anterior aspect

“y shaped”

strongest ligament at the hip

61
Q

where does the iliofemoral ligament run

A

AIIS to intertrochanteric line of the femur

62
Q

when do all fibers of the iliofemoral ligament tighten

A

hip extension

63
Q

when do the superior fibers of the iliofemoral ligament tighten

A

ADD

64
Q

when do the inferior fibers of the iliofemoral ligament tighten

A

ABD

65
Q

what ligaments form the Z ligament

A

iliofemoral and pubofemoral

66
Q

primary role of ligament of the head of the femur

A

blood supply and nerve supply to the femoral head

67
Q

when is the joint capsule the strongest

A

anterosuperiorly

68
Q

wolff’s law

A

bone is laid down in a reaction to stress placed on the bone

69
Q

zone of weakness

A

an area in the femoral neck

trabeculae are thin and do not cross each other

increased risk of fx

70
Q

point of strength

A

all the systems intersect each other

Kines exam 3 (14 decks)

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