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Kines exam 3 > respiration muscles > Flashcards

respiration muscles Flashcards

1
Q

classification of respiratory muscles

A

primary inspiratory

secondary inspiratory

primary expiratory muscles

secondary expiratory muscles

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2
Q

primary inspiratory muscles

A

diaphragm

external intercostals

levator costae

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3
Q

secondary inspiratory muscles are used when

A

there is forced breathing

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4
Q

secondary inspiratory muscles

A

scalenes

sternocleidomastoid

upper traps

serratus anterior

pec major and minor

abdominals

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5
Q

primary expiratory muscles

A

internal intercostals

sternocostalis

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6
Q

expiration is primarily a…

A

passive event d/t elastic recoil of the ribcage

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7
Q

secondary expiratory muscles

A

abdominals
–> rectus abdominus, obliques, transversus abdominus

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8
Q

when are primary muscles active

A

during quiet breathing

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9
Q

when are secondary muscles active

A

during forced breathing

exercises or pathology

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10
Q

inspiration

A

increase in A/P diameter of the chest

decrease pressure

air flows into the lungs

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11
Q

expiration

A

decrease volume and increased pressure

air moves out of the lungs

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12
Q

diaphragm origin

A

posterior surface of xiphoid process

inner surface of ribs 7-12 + costal cartilage

lumbar bodies and arcuate ligaments

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13
Q

diaphragm insertion

A

central tendon

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14
Q

what does the central tendon also have attachments to

A

pericardium

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15
Q

what shape is the diaphragm

A

dome shaped

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16
Q

contraction of the diaphragm

A

the central tendon pulls down and the diaphragm descends

descent of the diaphragm is stopped by stretch of the mediastinum

descent will compress the abdominal contents and increase intra-abdominal pressure

17
Q

what happens once the descent of the central tendon has stopped (diaphragm contraction)

A

the muscle fibers continue to shorten

results in an upward pull on the lower ribs –> bucket handle motion

18
Q

how do the external intercostals run

A

down and anteriorly

19
Q

role of the external intercostals

A

elevate the ribs and assist with inspiration

20
Q

how do the fibers of levator costae run

A

from transverse process down laterally to ribs

21
Q

role of levator costae

A

assists in elevation of the ribs

22
Q

internal intercostals fibers run

A

down and posteriorly

23
Q

role of internal intercostals

A

assist with expiration

24
Q

sternocostalis fibers run

A

down and medially from costal cartilage to sternum

25
Q

role of sternocostalis

A

depress costal cartilage and assist with expiration

26
Q

expiration is primarily

A

passive recoil of the rib cage

27
Q

major function of abdominals

A

assist with forced expiration

28
Q

role of abdominals during inspiration

A

helping increase intra-abdominal pressure
—-> pushing the lower ribs outward

29
Q

when does activity of the abdominals increase

A

exercise

30
Q

abdominals during expiration

A

as the diaphragm relaxes –> the abdominals contract —> pushes abdominal contents up

this raises the central tendon –> aides in expiration

31
Q

what do the abdominals do as the diaphragm contracts

A

resist motion and act as a girdle

32
Q

what would happen if the abdominals didn’t work as the diaphragm contracts

A

abdominal contents would be displaced inferiorly and anteriorly and the central tendon wouldn’t be stabilized

–> diaphragm wouldn’t elevate the lower ribs

33
Q

what effect do the abdominals have on the diaphragm

A

improve the efficiency of the diaphragm

34
Q

what happens if the abdominals are paralyzed

A

ventilatory efficiency of the diaphragm decreases

35
Q

normal sequence of chest wall motions during quiet breathing

A

first

second

third

fourth

36
Q

normal sequence of chest wall motions during quiet breathing –> first

A

diaphragm contracts and central tendon moves down

increases intra-abdominal pressure –> observe distension of abdomen

“belly breathing”

37
Q

normal sequence of chest wall motions during quiet breathing –> 2nd

A

diaphragm continues to contract –> pushes lower ribs outward

observe lateral movement of lower chest

38
Q

normal sequence of chest wall motions during quiet breathing –> 3rd

A

upper ribs rotate and elevate manubriosternum

observe anterior motion of the upper chest

2nd and 3rd steps may occur spontaneously

39
Q

normal sequence of chest wall motions during quiet breathing –> 4th

A

expiration during quiet breathing is passive

observe recoil of chest wall

Kines exam 3 (14 decks)

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