common spinal deformities

Question 1

common spinal deformities

Answer 1

lordosis

kyphosis

types of deformities

Question 2

lordosis

Answer 2

an excessive anterior curve of the spine

pathologically it is an exaggeration of the normal curves found in the cervical and lumbar spines

Question 3

common causes of lordosis

Answer 3

postural deformities

muscle weakness

heavy abdomen

compensatory mechanism

muscular contractures

spondylolisthesis

congenital problems

failure of segmentation of neural arch of facet segment

fashion

Question 4

muscle weakness of lordosis

Answer 4

abdominals

Question 5

compensatory mechanism lordosis

Answer 5

resulting from another deformity like increased kyphosis

Question 6

musculature contractures lordosis

Answer 6

ex: hip flexors

Question 7

spondylolisthesis lordosis

Answer 7

one vertebra has moved forward

Question 8

congenital problems lordosis

Answer 8

including congenital dislocation of the hip

Question 9

failure of segmentation of neural arch of a facet segment lordosis

Answer 9

one vertebra stays fused to another

Question 10

fashion lordosis

Answer 10

high heels causes increased lordosis by moving COG forward

Question 11

signs and symptoms of lordosis

Answer 11

sagging shoulders

medial rotation of the legs

forward head posture

pelvic angle increased

anterior pelvic tilt

Question 12

pelvic angle increased –> lordosis

Answer 12

normal is 30 degrees

may increase to 40

line connecting PSIS and ASIS compared to a line parallel to the floor

Question 13

kyphosis

Answer 13

excessive posterior curvature of the spine

pathologically it is an exaggeration of the normal curve found in the thoracic spine

Question 14

common causes of kyphosis

Answer 14

tuberculosis

vertebral body compression fractures

scheuermann’s dz

ankylosis spondylitis

osteoporosis

tumors

compensatory mechanisms

congenital anomalies

paralysis

Question 15

tuberculosis –> kyphosis

Answer 15

anterior collapse of the disc

w/ thinning out of the thoracic spine

Question 16

vertebral body compression fractures –> kyphosis

Answer 16

leads to decrease in height of body

Question 17

scheuermann’s dz –> kyphosis

Answer 17

results in necrosis of the vertebral bodies

leads to collapse

Question 18

ankylosing spondylitis –> kyphosis

Answer 18

a rheumatoid dz that is systemic and causes ossification of sacro-iliac and spinal joints

Question 19

osteoporosis –> kyphosis

Answer 19

a reduction in the quantity of bone resulting in bony trabeculae that are scanty and thing

will result in increased risk of fractures

Question 20

tumors –> kyphosis

Answer 20

especially bony tumors resulting in deformity

Question 21

compensatory mechanisms –> kyphosis

Answer 21

may be d/t increased lordosis

Question 22

congenital anomalies –> kyphosis

Answer 22

including aplasia of thoracic vertebrae

Question 23

paralysis –> kyphosis

Answer 23

d/t loss of muscle strength to balance gravitational forces and maintain correct posture

Question 24

types of deformities

Answer 24

round back

humpback or gibbus

flat back

dowager’s hump

Question 25

round back

Answer 25

a long rounder curve decreased pelvic angle thoracolumbar kyphosis

Question 26

how does round back present

Answer 26

trunk flexed forward and decrease in lumbar curve

Question 27

humpback or gibbus

Answer 27

a localized, sharp posterior angulation in the thoracic spine

Question 28

flat back

Answer 28

a decrease in pelvic angle with a mobile lumbar spine

Question 29

when is dowager's hump usually seen

Answer 29

seen in elderly most commonly in females

Question 30

what is dowager's hump d/t

Answer 30

osteoporosis

Question 31

what is dowager's hump

Answer 31

the thoracic spine vertebral bodies begin to degenerate and become wedge shaped anteriorly "extra stuff" in the upper thoracic spine