Spinal Nerves and Testing Flashcards
somatic motor supply is voluntary T or F
T, so only skeletal muscle
clinical somatic motor symptoms?
muscle stiffness, tightness, spasm
muscle weakness
ataxia
common location of a CVA that would affect sensory function?
internal capsule next to the thalamus
dorsal roots contain only __ information
sensory
spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor information T or F
T
if both sides of a dermatome are affected where would you suspect the lesion to be?
centrally
C1 has no sensory components T or F
T
how can you work out the dermatomes of the arm?
start with C5 and work round from superior arm round to armpit up to T2
where is the location of the C2 dermatome
back of scalp and adams apple
where is the location of the C3 dermatome
back of neck ad jugular notch
where is the location of the C4 dermatome
clavicle and shoulder tip
L1 dermatome?
groin (the whole area covered by your hands in your pockets)
S3,4,5 dermatomal area location?
around the anus (S5 being closest)
do anterior or posterior rami form plexuses?
anterior
what is a named nerve
a nerve containing axons from 1 or mre spinal cord levels eg plexus nerves
name the components of the cervical plexus
little goats tread softly
lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular
where do the nerves of the neck connect?
the nerve point at the midpoint of the posterior border of SCM
if someone has loss of sensation over the badge patch area, what 2 causes should you suspect?
is it dermatomal eg C5/6?
or is it an axillary nerve problem?
where does referred pain in MI go to (nerve levels)?
T1 and T2
dermatome level of pubic symphysis?
T12
how would you be able to tell if a patients loss of sensation in the webbing of the toe is a dermatomal or deep fib nerve issue?
if theyve also lost sensation in the dorsum of the foot it will probably be the nerve (bigger area covered), if its just the web of the big toe (aka just the dermatome) it will be a dermatome problem
if you suspect 1 nerve root has been disrupted in a myotome but not the others, how can you confirm this?
test the myotome on the other side, if its stronger it could mean one root has been disrupted
lower motor neuron lesions cause spasticity/flaccidity
flaccidity
upper motor neuron lesions cause
spasticity
myotome for triceps brachii
C7
myotome for biceps brachii
C6
spinal level tested by knee jerk reflex
L3
spinal level tested by ankle jerk reflex
S1
how would you do a tendon test for C6
test brachioradialis function
CNS dysfunction is more widespread than PNS dysfunction T or F
T
why are athletes likely to get neuropathies?
they have muscle hypertrophy which can compress nerves
cutaneous innervation of T2-T12 is supplied by…
intercostal nerves
cutaneous innervation of the lower anterolateral trunk is supplied by…
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
subcostal nerve is the anterior ramus of what nerve?
T12
the cervical plexus is formed by the anterior rami of what spinal nerves?
C1-C4
what provides the cutaneous innervation to the posterior neck?
posterior rami of C2-C8
what does the lesser occipital nerve supply?
the skin posterior to the ear
the great auricular nerve supplies…
the skin over the angle of the mandible and the folds and lobe of the auricle
which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the anterior neck?
transverse cervical nerve
what supplies the skin over the clavicle and shoulder?
supraclavicular nerves
what happens when a peripheral nerve is stimulated?
AP generated by receptors in the area’s dermatome and feeds its way back to the spinal cord via the posterior route (post = sensory)
what does the cervical plexus innervate?
diaphragm via supraclavicular nerve
neck and postural strap muscles
postural back muscles are supplied by posterior/anterior rami
posterior
myotome for deltoid
C5
myotome for anterior compartment of forearm
C8
what does T1 myotome innervate?
dorsal interossei
why is the L3 myotome tested in the knee jerk reflex?
L3 covers the extensor muscles of the thigh eg quadriceps femoris so shows that they’re extending the leg properly
which myotome is for knee flexion?
S2
what muscles are tested in the L4 myotome and for what movement?
tibialis anterior
ankle dorsiflexion
what muscles are tested in the L5 myotome?
extensor hallucis longus
ankle plantarflexion (ankle jerk) can be tested using what myotome?
S1
what muscle is involved in the ankle jerk reflex?
gastrocnemius
