Cranial Nerves and Clinical Testing Flashcards
what nerves come off the pontomedullary junction?
CN VI, VII, VIII
what nerve comes off the spinal cord
XI
what nerves come off the medulla
CN IX, X, XII
olfactory nerve is for..
smell
CN I’s foramen
cribriform plate of the ethmoid
frontal lobe tumours can affect what nerve?
CN I
optic canal contains what structures?
optic nerve
opthalmic artery
CNII connects to the CNS via…
the diencephalon
foramen for CN II
optic canal
test for CN I
close eyes and smell something familiar eg coffee/lemon
CN II test?
visual tests eg acuity, visual fields, reflexes, fundoscopy, colour blindness test
function of the oculomotor nerve?
eye movement
pupil constriction
CN III connects with the CNS at,,,
the midbrain
how does CN II get to the orbit?
via the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
CN III’s foramen?
SOF
CNIV connects with the CNS at ..
the midbrain
only cranial nerve to branch off posteriorly
CNIV
cranial nerve with the longest course?
trochlear CNIV
how does CNIV get to the orbit?
lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
foramen for CNIV
SOF
CNVI connects with the CNS at…
pontomedullary junction
how does CNVI get to the orbit and why?
WITHIN the cavernous sinus close to the internal carotid (most medial in relation to the other cranial nerves)
foramen for CNVI
SOF
test for CN III, IV and VI
H test for eye movement
how to test IO?
patient looks medially and up
foramen for CN VIII
IAM
CN VIII’s connection with CNS?
pontomedullary junction
test for CNVIII
rinne and weber test
CNXI supplies…
SCM and trapezius
CNXI’s connection with CNS?
cervical spinal cord
foramen for CNXI
jugular foramen
test for CNXI
shrug shoulders (trapezius), flex neck and turn neck to other side (SCM, give some resistance)
CNS connection for CNXII
lateral to the pyramids of the medulla
foramen for CNXII
hypoglossal canal
innervation for CNXII
all tongue muscles except palatoglossus (CNX)
test for CNXII
stick tongue straight out (tongue points toward the side of the injured nerve)
CNXII exits __ to the carotid sheath
lateral
CNV sits inferior to ____ ____ in the cranium
tentorium cerebelli
foraminae of CNV
- SOF
- foramen rotundum
- foramen ovale
motor axons for CNV pass through what foramen?
foramen ovale
CNS connection of CNV
pons
sensory axons for CNV travel through what foraminae?
their respective foraminae eg CNV1’s goes through the SOF
tip of the nose supplied by…
CNV1
upper eyelid is supplied by…
CNV1
lower eyelid is supplied by…
CNV2
front portion of ear is supplied by..
CNV3, imagine a strap around the side of the whole face
nerve for paranasal sinuses
CNV1
CNV2 for maxillary sinus only
nerve supply to middle cranial fossa
CNV3
CNV1 covers what cranial fossa
anterior and posterior
test for CNV3
hold chin for resistance and ask patient to open mouth (lateral pterygoid) and close
patient who cant dampen sound in their ear may have a problem with what structure and what nerve?
tensor tympani
CNV3
what nerves control the blink reflex
long ciliary nerve - afferent
facial - motor
test for CNV
touch locations of innervation
for CNV3 test motor too eg jaw opening
CNVII connects to CNS at
pontomedullary junction
CNVII enters temporal bone by ___ and exits the cranium by___
IAM
stylomastoid foramen
what does the facial canal connect?
IAM to stylomastoid foramen
chorda tympani carries what functions of the facial nerve?
branches for taste and parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual glands
chorda tympani hitches a ride with which nerve?
lingual nerve (branch of CNV3)
test for CNVII, what muscles are being tested here?
raise eyebrows - frontalis
close eyes tightly - orbicularis ori
smile - elevators of lips
puff out cheeks and hold air - orbicularis oris
CNS connection of CNIX?
medulla
foramen for CNIX
jugular foramen
CNIX functions
sensory to pharyngeal mucosa, middle ear and eustachian tube visceral afferent to carotid body motor to stylopharyngeus special sensory to post 1/3 tongue parasymp to parotid
why do people get pain in the back of their through get earache?
CNIX supplies sensation to both pharynx and middle ear
sensory and motor components of gag reflex?
sensory = CNIX motor = CNX
test for CNIX
gag reflex
all glands in head are supplied by ___ nerve except…
facial
parotid
where does CNX branch off medulla in relation to CNIX
inferolaterally to CNIX
foramen for vagus nerve
jugular foramen
the vagus nerve’s axons supply structures between which 2 structures?
palate and midgut
CNX runs down the neck within what structure?
carotid sheath
CNX becomes the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves under what structures?
left = arch of aorta right = under right subclavian artery
vagus nerve passes ___ to the lung root
posterior
test for CNX, what muscles are being tested here?
say ahhhh and look at uvula (palate muscles)
ask to swallow (pharyngeal muscles)
ask to speak (laryngeal muscles)
uvula deviates __ from the side of dysfunction
away
