Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System and Breast

Question 1

the pouch of douglas is in the pelvic/peritoneal cavity

Answer 1

peritoneal (above peritoneum)

Question 2

most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 2

pouch of douglas (rectouterine pouch)

Question 3

name the 2 peritoneal pouches

Answer 3

vesicouterine

rectouterine (PoD)

Question 4

how can fluid in the PoD be drained?

Answer 4

via culdocentesis;

through a needle passed into the posterior fornix of the vagina (lift up the cervix)

Question 5

what ligament forms a double layer of the peritoneum?

Answer 5

broad ligament

Question 6

the broad ligament connects what 2 structures?

Answer 6

the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis to the uterus

Question 7

name the part of the broad ligament surrounding the uterine tube?

Answer 7

mesosalpinx

Question 8

name the part of the broad ligament surrounding the ovary?

Answer 8

mesovarium

Question 9

name the part of the broad ligament surrounding the uterus?

Answer 9

mesometrium

Question 10

the ovarian arteries are a branch of…

Answer 10

the aorta

Question 11

what does the broad ligament do?

Answer 11

helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

Question 12

what ligament of the uterus is an embryological remnant?

Answer 12

round ligament (formed from the gubernaculum)

Question 13

name the 2 ligaments of the female reproductive system that are remnants of the gubernaculum

Answer 13

ovarian ligament

round ligament

Question 14

the round ligament passes through what structure to reach the superficial tissue of the peritoneum?

Answer 14

deep inguinal ring

Question 15

round ligament attaches to the ___ aspect of the uterus

Answer 15

lateral

Question 16

what is the ratio of uterus:cervix normally?

Answer 16

2:1

Question 17

what are the cervical os’s?

Answer 17

two thinnings of the cervix

Question 18

what 3 structures hold the uterus in position?

Answer 18

uterosacral ligaments (very strong)
endopelvic fascia
muscles of the pelvic floor

Question 19

failure of the structures that hold the uterus in place can cause what?

Answer 19

uterine prolapse

Question 20

uterus curves anterior to what structure?

Answer 20

pubic symphysis

Question 21

what makes up the angle of anteversion?

Answer 21

axis of the vagina and cervix

Question 22

what makes up the angle of anteflexion?

Answer 22

axis of the cervix and the uterus

Question 23

why are you at risk of uterine prolapse if you have a retroverted uterus?

Answer 23

if uterus is anteverted it just sits on the bladder so doesnt descend

Question 24

where is the brush inserted in a cervical smear?

Answer 24

external cervical os

Question 25

what does the great fimbra touch?

Answer 25

the ovary

Question 26

the fimbriae open up into the peritoneal cavity T or F

Answer 26

T

Question 27

what is the connection of the female repro system to the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 27

the ends of the fallopian tubes

Question 28

a right ectopic pregnancy can be mistaken for what problem?

Answer 28

appendicitis

Question 29

in what region do sex organs first develop? where do they go?

Answer 29

posterior abdominal wall

lateral abdominal wall

Question 30

what is the fornix of the vagina?

Answer 30

the area surrounding the cervix (most patent part of the vagina

Question 31

name the 4 parts of the fornix?

Answer 31

anterior
posterior
2 lateral

Question 32

what funnel-like structure lies inferiorly between the coccyx and bladder but superior to the perineum?

Answer 32

pelvic diaphragm

Question 33

nerve supply to superior levator ani? include its nerve levels

Answer 33

nerve to levator ani

S3, 4, 5

Question 34

what structure forms the majority of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 34

levator ani muscle

Question 35

where is the perineal body located?

Answer 35

in between the anus and the vagina

Question 36

what is the perineal body?

Answer 36

bundle of collagenous and elastic tissues into where the perineal muscles attach
- providespelvic floor stength

Question 37

perineal muscles are supplied by what nerve?

Answer 37

pudental

Question 38

what gland lubricates the vagina?

Answer 38

bartholins gland

Question 39

where are the bartholin glands located in vaginal vestibule?

Answer 39

5 and 7 oclock

Question 40

what structures are contained within the vaginal vestibule?

Answer 40

external urethral orifice

vaginal orifice

Question 41

bed of the breast extends between what ribs?

Answer 41

2-6

Question 42

breasts lie on what layer?

Answer 42

deep fascia

Question 43

what layers lie inferior to the deep fascia behind the breast?

Answer 43

muscle layers of the pec major and serratus anterior

Question 44

what hormone is responsible for release of milk in breastfeeding

Answer 44

oxytocin

Question 45

why are patients told to put their hand on their hips in a breast exam?

Answer 45

contracts pec major as it medially rotates the shoulder

Question 46

how should the breast be divided?

Answer 46

4 quadrants or a clock face

Question 47

most lymph from the breast drains to….

Answer 47

ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes then supraclavicular

Question 48

where can lymph from the inferomedial quadrant of the breast go to?

Answer 48

abdominal lymph nodes

Question 49

if you get level 3 clearance of lymph nodes you’ll block off level 2 and 1 T or F

Answer 49

T

Question 50

which is the most lateral “level” of axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 50

level 1 (level 3 is most medial)

Question 51

what muscle indicates the position of the axillary node levels?

Answer 51

pec minor

Question 52

arterial supply to the breast?

Answer 52

axillary -> subclavian

internal thoracic artery