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3 Anatomy > Neuroanatomy Revision Night: Brain > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Revision Night: Brain Flashcards

1
Q

sylvian fissure is another word for…

A

the lateral fissure/sulcus

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2
Q

what artery is contained within the pontine cistern?

A

basilar

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3
Q

what layer is the pontine cistern located in?

A

subarachnoid space

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4
Q

where is the suprasellar cistern located?

A

above sella turcica

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5
Q

what is the name of the layer of dura that separates the cerebral hemispheres medially and covers their superior surfaces?

A

falx cerebri

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6
Q

the sagittal sinus runs along with which layer of dura?

A

falx cerebri

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7
Q

what bones is the calvarium made of?

A

frontal
parietal
occipital

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8
Q

what bones make up the cranial base?

A 
frontal
parietal
occipital
ethmoid
sphenoid
temporal
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9
Q

what do fontanelles do?

A

allow bones to move over each other

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10
Q

the cranial base has _ fossae

A

3

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11
Q

what cranial nerves are in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

1

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12
Q

what cranial nerves are in the middle cranial fossa?

A

2-6

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13
Q

what cranial nerves run in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

7-12

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14
Q

meninges get their blood supply from what arteries

A

meningeal

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15
Q

what meningeal layer is avascular

A

arachnoid mater

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16
Q

name the horns of the lateral ventricle

A

anterior

inferior

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17
Q

name the septum between the anterior horns of each lateral ventricle

A

septum pellucidum

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18
Q

each ventricle is lined by ___ which secretes CSF

A

choroid

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19
Q

name a deep cerebral vein?

A

great vein of galen

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20
Q

where do all of the venous sinuses meet?

A

confluens of sinuses

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21
Q

name the path of venous sinuses from the confluens to the jugular vein

A

confluens of sinuses
transverse sinus
sigmoid sinus
internal jugular vein

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22
Q

what cranial nerves run through the cavernous sinus

A 
3
4
V1
V2
6
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23
Q

the ____ carotid artery has a role in the blood supply to the brain

A

internal

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24
Q

basilar gives off the ___ cerebral artery

A

posterior

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25
Q

what branch comes off the posterior cerebral artery?

A

the posterior communicating artery

26
Q

ACA supplies what parts of the brain….

A

most anterior part of the frontal love

medial parts of the frontal and parietal lobes

27
Q

ACA has a role in supplying the sensory/motor function of what parts of the body?

A

lower limb

28
Q

why do you get lower limb paralysis and sensory loss in an ACA stroke?

A

the stroke has affected the sensory homunculus medially in the region of the ACA which is the area where the legs are

29
Q

most common artery for SAH

A

anterior communicating artery

30
Q

Tx of SAH

A

coil via femoral artery

31
Q

most common cause of subdural haemorrhage?

A

bridging veins of dural venous sinuses to cortex

32
Q

who is most at risk of SDH

A

elderly
alcoholics
epileptics

33
Q

appearance of SDH on imaging

A

crescent/sickle cell shaped

dark in colour

34
Q

most common haemorrhage from sports injuries?

A

epidural haemorrhage

35
Q

posterior border of frontal lobe

A

central sulcus

36
Q

inferior border of the frontal love

A

lateral sulcus

37
Q

what are the frontal lobe’s special areas (2)?

A

precentral gyrus

brocas area

38
Q

can a left or right sided stroke cause speech deficits

A

left sided

39
Q

boundaries of the parietal lobe?

A

central sulcus

parietooccipital fissure

40
Q

what part of the parietal lobe associates sensory info?

A

parietal association cortex

41
Q

parietal lobe epilepsy causes what kind of seizures?

A

sensory

42
Q

how to remember visual field deficits in parietal and temporal lobes

A

PIST
parietal inferior
superior = temporal

43
Q

what kind of hallucinations are present in sensory epilepsy

A

olfactory hallucinations

44
Q

encephalitis primarily affects what lobe?

A

temporal

45
Q

insular lobe is deep to the…

A

temporal lobe

46
Q

symptoms of occipital lobe damage

A

visual hallucinations

homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

47
Q

caudate and putamen make up…

A

striatum

48
Q

what makes up the corpus striatum?

A

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus

49
Q

what is located between the substantia nigra and the thalamus?

A

subthalamic nucleus

50
Q

describe the direct pathway

A

excitation of striatum inhibits GPi which inhibits thalamus which then excites the cortex which excites the striatum

51
Q

main focus of the direct pathway

A

initiates movements

52
Q

what structures are inhibited in the indirect pathway

A

GPe
subthalamic nucleus
thalamus

53
Q

dopaminergic neurons ___ the indirect pathway

A

inhibit (they want to enhance movement)

54
Q

main effect of the indirect pathway?

A

to decrease involuntary movement

55
Q

what pathway is mostly affected in huntingtons

A

indirect

56
Q

what structures of the indirect pathway are affected in huntingtons? what happens?

A

less excitation of the GPi and more inhibition of the thalamus

57
Q

what does the vermis do?

A

connects the 2 cerebellar hemispheres in the midline

58
Q

the superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to what structures?

A

midbrain (sup)
pons
medulla

59
Q

how many types of white matter nuclei are present in the cerebellum?

A

4

60
Q

what side of the body is affected if the right cerebellum is injured

A

same side as the lesion so right

3 Anatomy (20 decks)

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