Neuroanatomy Revision Night: Brain Flashcards
sylvian fissure is another word for…
the lateral fissure/sulcus
what artery is contained within the pontine cistern?
basilar
what layer is the pontine cistern located in?
subarachnoid space
where is the suprasellar cistern located?
above sella turcica
what is the name of the layer of dura that separates the cerebral hemispheres medially and covers their superior surfaces?
falx cerebri
the sagittal sinus runs along with which layer of dura?
falx cerebri
what bones is the calvarium made of?
frontal
parietal
occipital
what bones make up the cranial base?
frontal parietal occipital ethmoid sphenoid temporal
what do fontanelles do?
allow bones to move over each other
the cranial base has _ fossae
3
what cranial nerves are in the anterior cranial fossa?
1
what cranial nerves are in the middle cranial fossa?
2-6
what cranial nerves run in the posterior cranial fossa?
7-12
meninges get their blood supply from what arteries
meningeal
what meningeal layer is avascular
arachnoid mater
name the horns of the lateral ventricle
anterior
inferior
name the septum between the anterior horns of each lateral ventricle
septum pellucidum
each ventricle is lined by ___ which secretes CSF
choroid
name a deep cerebral vein?
great vein of galen
where do all of the venous sinuses meet?
confluens of sinuses
name the path of venous sinuses from the confluens to the jugular vein
confluens of sinuses
transverse sinus
sigmoid sinus
internal jugular vein
what cranial nerves run through the cavernous sinus
3 4 V1 V2 6
the ____ carotid artery has a role in the blood supply to the brain
internal
basilar gives off the ___ cerebral artery
posterior
what branch comes off the posterior cerebral artery?
the posterior communicating artery
ACA supplies what parts of the brain….
most anterior part of the frontal love
medial parts of the frontal and parietal lobes
ACA has a role in supplying the sensory/motor function of what parts of the body?
lower limb
why do you get lower limb paralysis and sensory loss in an ACA stroke?
the stroke has affected the sensory homunculus medially in the region of the ACA which is the area where the legs are
most common artery for SAH
anterior communicating artery
Tx of SAH
coil via femoral artery
most common cause of subdural haemorrhage?
bridging veins of dural venous sinuses to cortex
who is most at risk of SDH
elderly
alcoholics
epileptics
appearance of SDH on imaging
crescent/sickle cell shaped
dark in colour
most common haemorrhage from sports injuries?
epidural haemorrhage
posterior border of frontal lobe
central sulcus
inferior border of the frontal love
lateral sulcus
what are the frontal lobe’s special areas (2)?
precentral gyrus
brocas area
can a left or right sided stroke cause speech deficits
left sided
boundaries of the parietal lobe?
central sulcus
parietooccipital fissure
what part of the parietal lobe associates sensory info?
parietal association cortex
parietal lobe epilepsy causes what kind of seizures?
sensory
how to remember visual field deficits in parietal and temporal lobes
PIST
parietal inferior
superior = temporal
what kind of hallucinations are present in sensory epilepsy
olfactory hallucinations
encephalitis primarily affects what lobe?
temporal
insular lobe is deep to the…
temporal lobe
symptoms of occipital lobe damage
visual hallucinations
homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
caudate and putamen make up…
striatum
what makes up the corpus striatum?
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
what is located between the substantia nigra and the thalamus?
subthalamic nucleus
describe the direct pathway
excitation of striatum inhibits GPi which inhibits thalamus which then excites the cortex which excites the striatum
main focus of the direct pathway
initiates movements
what structures are inhibited in the indirect pathway
GPe
subthalamic nucleus
thalamus
dopaminergic neurons ___ the indirect pathway
inhibit (they want to enhance movement)
main effect of the indirect pathway?
to decrease involuntary movement
what pathway is mostly affected in huntingtons
indirect
what structures of the indirect pathway are affected in huntingtons? what happens?
less excitation of the GPi and more inhibition of the thalamus
what does the vermis do?
connects the 2 cerebellar hemispheres in the midline
the superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to what structures?
midbrain (sup)
pons
medulla
how many types of white matter nuclei are present in the cerebellum?
4
what side of the body is affected if the right cerebellum is injured
same side as the lesion so right
