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3 Anatomy > Neuroanatomy 2 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

when does the spinal canal end?

A

L1-L2

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2
Q

why do we take CSF from L4 level?

A

the spinal cord has ended so there is low risk of damaging it

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3
Q

the region where the spinal cord terminates is called the …

A

conus medullaris

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4
Q

what is the very end section of the spinal canal (NB not cord) called?

A

filum terminale

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5
Q

what keeps the spinal cord in place in the spinal canal?

A

denticulate ligament (looks like teeth)

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6
Q

the inner part of the spinal cord is made up of __ matter

A

grey

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7
Q

the outer part of the spinal cord is made up of __ matter

A

white

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8
Q

what is located in the centre of the spinal cord?

A

central canal

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9
Q

when looking at a cross section of a spinal cord, how can you tell which side is posterior?

A

the part where the 2 horns of the grey matter meet the surface is posterior

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10
Q

when discussing the spinal cord, anterior can also be called ___

A

ventral (think Av)

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11
Q

which spinal segments contain a lateral horn and why?

A

T1-L2

contain the preganglionic sympathetic neurons (thoracolumbar)

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12
Q

how many longitudinal arteries supply the spinal cord?

A

3 (1 anterior, 2 posterior)

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13
Q

aside from the longitudinal arteries, which other arteries supply the spinal cord?

A

segmental and radicular arteries

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14
Q

segmental arteries are derived from?

A

vertebral, intercostal and lumbar arteries

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15
Q

where do radicular arteries exist?

A

around the dorsal and ventral roots (radicular means root)

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16
Q

venous drainage of the spinal cord is similar to that of the arterial supply T or F

A

T

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17
Q

what is the epidural space?

A

the space between the dura and the bone in the spinal cord (epidural is given here)

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18
Q

where do sensory neurons go to?

A

the primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus

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19
Q

define ganglion

A

group of cell bodies located outwith the CNS

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20
Q

where does the PNS begin?

A

spinal rootlets

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21
Q

the anterior cerebral artery runs along the __ fissure

A

longitudinal

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22
Q

why do some regions of the spinal cord have more grey matter than others?

A

more dermatomes to reach/longer route to travel eg for an arm will require more grey matter

23
Q

which pathway is in charge of sensation for fine touch and proprioception?

A

the dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway

24
Q

what is a lemniscus?

A

band of white matter that travels up the spinal cord

25
Q

where do the fibres in the DCML pathway cross?

A

medulla oblongata

26
Q

sensory fibres from the LHS will be transmitted to the …. of the brain

A

RHS

27
Q

name the 2 synapse points in the DCML pathway

A
  1. medulla

2. thalamus

28
Q

where is the end point of the DCML pathway?

A

postcentral gyrus

29
Q

what does the spinothalamic tract control?

A

transmits sensory fibres for pain, temperature and deep pressure to the brain

30
Q

where do the spinothalamic tract fibres cross?

A

segmentally (switches sides) at the very start in the same area of the spinal cord as it originated

31
Q

what sensory pathway transmits pain fibres?

A

spinothalamic tract

32
Q

where do the fibres of the spinothalamic tract synapse?

A

thalamus

33
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

precentral gyrus

34
Q

main motor tract of the body

A

corticospinal tract

35
Q

where does the corticospinal tract start and end

A

precentral gyrus to spinal cord

36
Q

what does the corticospinal tract control?

A

fine, precise movement of distal limb muscles

37
Q

why is the corticospinal tract also called the pyramidal tract?

A

forms visible ridges that look like pyramids on the anterior surface of the medulla

38
Q

where does the corticospinal tract’s fibres cross?

A

medulla around the foramen magnum

39
Q

all fibres of the CS tract cross at the medulla T or F

A

F, a few cross segmentally at a certain spinal level

40
Q

crossed fibres of the CS tract are referred to as…

A

lateral CST

41
Q

uncrossed fibres of the CS tract are referred to as…

A

ventral CST

42
Q

what would happen clinically if a CVA occurred in the CS tract?

A

patient would have spastic paralysis with hyperflexion of the upper limbs

43
Q

what does the tectospinal tract control?

A 
MOTOR function (mainly visual and auditory) to cervical segments
reflex function to head and neck
44
Q

where does the tectospinal cord start and end?

A

tectum (roof of midbrain) to spinal cord

45
Q

define the reticular formation

A

series of interconnected nuclei in the brainstem that carry out automatic functions in the body eg breathing

46
Q

what motor functions does the reticulospinal tract control?

A

voluntary movement eg walking

47
Q

fibres originating in the pons facilitate __ movements

A

extensor

48
Q

fibres originating in the medulla facilitate __ movements

A

flexor

49
Q

what tract is in charge of regaining your balance after a trip?

A

vestibulospinal tract

50
Q

main function of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

excitatory input to antigravity extensor muscles

51
Q

where does the vestibulospinal tract start and end?

A

vestibular nuclei of the pons and medulla to the spinal cord

52
Q

a lesion where would have a severe impact on the vestibulospinal tract?

A

midbrain

53
Q

if the vestibulospinal tract didnt work what would happen to muscle tone?

A

extensor muscle tone would overreact and the patient would become spastic

54
Q

a lesion in the corticospinal tract at RHS spinal cord level will cause loss of function in what side?

A

RHS as fibres have already crossed at the brain

3 Anatomy (20 decks)

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