Spinal Nerves Flashcards
• The first cervical nerve passes through the .., .
lateral vertebral foramen of the atlas
The number of spinal nerve pairs in each section of the vertebral column corresponds
to the number of vertebrae True/False
False(the exception of the cervical spine and the tail.)
There are eight cervical spinal nerves for seven cervical vertebrae.
True/False
True
• In the coccygeal region, there are fewer nerves than vertebrae.
True/ False
True
• Each spinal nerve originates from the spinal cord with a…….and …….
Dorsal and ventral branch.
The two roots unite within the vertebral canal to form the………
the spinal nerve
Close to the union of the two roots the dorsal root carries the spindle-shaped spinal
ganglion that consists of the cell bodies of
afferent, pseudounipolar neurons.
The dorsal root is composed …… fibres, while the ventral root is composed of
afferent, efferent motor and autonomous fibres.
The mixed spinal nerve exits through the intervertebral foramen and
divides almost immediately into branche
dorsal and ventral
The dorsal branch
of the spinal nerve further divides into a
medial branch (for the innervation of the muscles of the back) and a lateral branch (for the skin of the back
Cutaneous segments which are innervated by a particular spinal nerve are designated
Dermatomes
Dermatomes supply the
Skin
The larger ventral branch of the spinal nerve innervates what muscles
Muscles ventral to the transverse processes and the remains skin, including the limbs.
The ventral branches of the spinal nerves divides into two primary branches which arise in the …….&……….,
Middle of the abdomen and the second close to the linear alba.
Brachial plexus comprise of
Ventral branches of the last three cervical nerves, and the first two thoracic nerves.
The brachial plexus gives rise to the …..
Nerves of the forelimb
The last three lumbar nerves and the first two sacral nerves form the …….
Lumbosacral plexus of the hind limb
The dorsal and ventral cervical nerve communicates with each other to form
the dorsal and ventral cervical plexus.
The ventral branch of the first cervical nerve joins the hypo glossal nerve to form branches that innervate the….
Long muscles of the hyoid apparatus; the sternohyoid, the sternothyroid and the omohyoid muscle
The ventral branch of the second cervical nerve detaches the
great auricular nerve (which innervates the caudal par of the ear after joining the caudal auricular branch of the facial nervd)
The ventral roots of the fifth (cat:fourth) to seventh cervical nerves form the
Phrenic nerve.
The phrenic nerve runs caudal ly within the mediastinium to innervate the ………….
Diaphragm
The supra clavicular branches also arise from a)……. and innervates the ……..
a) ventral branches of the cervical nerve and innervates the skin over the shoulder joint
What are the branches of the Brachial Plexus
Long Thoracic Nerve.
- Thoracodorsal nerve
- Lateral thoracic nerve
- Cranial and caudal pectoral nerve
- Subscapular nerves.
Where is the long thoracic nerve located.
It passes caudally on the lateral surface of the thoracic part of the ventral serrate muscle.
The location of the thoracodorsal nerve is?
Arises from the last cervical spinal nerve to innervate the broadest muscle of the back
Give the direction and innervation of The lateral thoracic nerve
Arisres from the Caudal part of plexus and innervates the abdominal cutaneous muscle,,,_and the skin caudal to the triceps
The cranial and caudal pectoral nerve innervates…
The superficial pectoral muscle and the deep pectoral muscles.
The subscapular nerve innervates
Cranial and middle part of the subscapular muscle.
What are the branches of the brachial plexus with relatively limited distribution
Suprascapular nervr, muscle I cutaneous nerve and the axillary nerve.
What nerve (branch) of the brachial plexus run parallel to the median nerve?
Musculocutaneous nerve
The musculocutaneous branch joins the median branch in ungulates to form a loop around the …………. artery
Axillary artery.
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates which muscles?
Coracobrachial muscle and the biceps muscle.
………….nerve divides to form the median nerve that supplies the brachial muscles and the skin on the medial antebrachium.
Musclelocutaneous branch.
True or false lesions of the muscle I cutaneous nerve can be compensated for by the radial nerve.
True.
Lessions f the musculo cutaneous nerve would cause?
Paralysis of the main flexors of the elbow
…………….. can be an indicator of musculocutaneous nerve damage.
Loss of sensation if the skin on the medial aspect of the antebrachium
The suprascapular nerve innervates the ……….
Supraspinous and the infraspinous muscles
True or false the suprascapular nerve is vulnerable to traumatic damage?
True. Because of it’s close relationship to the scapula
Paralysis of the suprascapular nerve causes ……..
Atrophy of the suprascapular and infrascapular muscles.
In the standing animal, when the shoulder is abducted and there is “shoulder slip” what nerve could be affected?
Suprascapular nerve. This condition is clinically known as “Sweeney” in horses. ( caused by trauma when the nerve stretches against the scapula by over abduction.
The axillary nerve innervates the ………..
Teres major muscle and the caudal 3rd of the subscapular muscle. Also innervates the capsular and teres minor muscle.
The branches of the axillary nerve innervates the……….
the deltoid muscle and gives off a branch to the cleidobrachial muscle
Aspects of the brachial plexus that extend all the way to the apex of the thoracic limb includes?
Radial nerve.
Median Nerve.
Ulnar nerve.
What nerve received most of it’s fibres from the eight cervical nerve
Radial nerve
The largest nnerve if the brachial plexus with the widest distribution is the ……..
Radial nerve
The radial nerve innervates?
All extensors muscles of the thoracic limb except those of the shoulder joint.
Also the skin on the lateral aspect of the limb.
The radial nerve runs from the antebrachium to the apex of the fore limb in all domestic animals. True or false.
False. Except in horses.
Caudally the radial nerve innervates the
Extensors of thethoracic limb and elbow joint.( triceps brachi, anconeus and tensor of the antebranchial fascia)
True/ false?
The more proximal the damage, the more severe the syndrome and the more grave the prognosis.
True
The median nerve originates from the brachial plexus and runs down the medial surface of the antebrachium.
True or false?
True
The medial nerve combineswith what nerve to form a loop around the axillary artery?
Musculocutaneous nerve
The median nerve innervates the …….
Large caudal group of flexor muscles of the antebrachium.( also radial flexor, deep and superficial digital flexor muscles)
The median nerve passes through the ……..in cats
Supracondylar foramen
True/False.The ulna nerve runs distally on the lateral aspect of the antebrachium with the median nerve.
Falsr.The ulna nerve runs distally on the medial aspect of the antebrachium with the median nerve.
True or false the dorasl branch of the ulnar nerve innervates the skin of the lateral surface of the distal limb.
TrueTrue or false the dorasl branch of the ulnar nerve
passes dorsally to innervates the skin of the lateral surface of the distal limb.
True or false the ulnar nerve innervates the radial flexor muscles and the deep and superficial digital flexor muscles
False.ulnar nerve innervates the ulnar flexor muscles and the deep and superficial digital flexor muscles
The continuation of what nerve passes through the carpal carnal to innervate muscles skin and deeper structures if the digits
Ulnar nerve
The musculocutaneous nerve has …… and …. Branches then finally gives off the ………nerve
a)proximal muscular branch and distal muscular branch then gives off the median nerve
…… Detaches the caudal cutaneous antibrachial nerve
Ulnar nerve
……nerve gives off the cranial cutaneous anti brachial nerve.
Radial nerve
What are the branches of the radial nerve.
a( branch that supplies the triceps muscle.
b) branch that supplies the extensors of the forelimb, c) cranial cutaneous anti brachial nerve.
The dermatomes of the more caudal spinal nerves extend…………while the extent of the cranial ones are restricted to the ……….parts of the body wall.
a) ventrally,
b) dorsal parts of the body wall.
There atlre ./….&….. Lumbar nerves in dogs and horses respectively.
Seven(7) &Six( 6)
The nerves that inner vate the rump are terned…..
Cranial clunial nerves
The ventral lumbar branches interconnect to form the …..
Lumbar plexus.
The ventral branches of the lumbar vertebrae, except those of the first three form the ……….
Lumbar plexus proper
The lumbar plexus proper unites with the first and second sacral nerve to form the ……….
Lumbo sacral plexus.
The most important nerves of the hind limbs includes?
Femoral nerve, obtural nerve, fibular nerve, Tibial nerve.
The lumbar spinal nerves are of considerable importance because?
They are often anaesthetized for abdominal & pelvic surgery.
Nerves arising from the lumbar plexus includes;
A)Iliohypogastric nerve. B)Ilioinguinal nerve. C)Genitofemoral nerve. d)Lateral Cutaneous Femoral Nerve. E)Femoral nerve F)Obturator nerve.
The fibula nerve is also known as the …….
Peroneal nerve.
The fibula nerve is also known as the …….
Peroneal nerve.
-In the cat and the dog, in which there are seven lumbar vertebrae, the first two ventral branches are known as the …….
cranial and caudal iliohypogastric nerves
The iliohypogastric nerve is divided into
Lateral and medial branches.
The lateral branch of iliohypogastric nerve muscle innervates……
Abdominal muscles and detaches a lateral cutaneous branch and a medial cutaneous branch.
True/ false The lateral cutaneous branch that innervates the thin skin band caudal to the ribs.
True
The media cutaneous branch
of the hyppgastric nerve innervates the ……. innervates?
Ventral abdominal skin,inguinal mammary glands, medial side of the thigh where it it combines with the ilioinguinal nerve
The ilioinguinal nerve is the ………lumbar spinal nerve
Primary ventral branch of the second lumbar spinal nerve.. It innervates muscles caudal to that of the iliohypogastric nerve.
Genitofemoral nerve Innervates the
Internal oblique muscle, skin overmedial aspect of the thigh,Inguinal .mammary glands(skin & vulva in dogs&cats)
, prepuce and scrotum.
Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve is formed by the
Fourth lumbar nerve and innervates the skin over the lateral aspect of the distal thigh and the stifle joint.
The strong nerve which detaches branches to the inner lumbar muscles in it’s proximal portion and innervates all four head of the quadriceps is the………
Femoral nerve.
It continues caudally along the iliopdoas and greater psoas muscles and branches to form the saphenous nerve. What nerve is it?
Femoral nerve.
The femoral nerve is prone to damage at……..
Adjacent to the pecten of pubis where it passes
The most common cause of femoral nerve injury is?
Over extension of the quadriceps. (The damage to the femoral nerve leads to paralysis of the femoral nerve.
The saphenous nerve innervates the……….
Sartorius,pectineal and gracilis muscles.
Apart from themuscles.The saphenous nerve innervates the …….
The skin over the medial aspect of the leg, extending from the thigh to the tarsus.
…… Nerve follows the medial aspect of the shaft of the ilium to reach the obturator foramen, through which it leaves the pelvis.
Obturator nerve.
The obturator nerve innervates?
The adductor muscles(pectineal, gracilis and external obturator muscles)
Pelvic fractures and compression during calving and foaling are common causes of injury to what nerve?
Obturatlr nerve
The sacral nerves leave the sacral element s of the spinal cord by means of ……..
Long dorsal and ventral roots.
The sacral
nerve roots merge to form the ……….within the sacral canal prior to passing to the …………
The sacral
nerve roots merge to form the spinal cranial nerve within the sacral canal prior to passing to the inter vertebra foramen.
The dorsal branches of the sacral nerve are inter connected to form ……..
Small dorsal plexus.
The dorsal branches of the sacral nerves divide to form……….
Lateral branches( which gives off the dorsal cutaneous branches and the medial muscular branches.
The ventral branches of the sacral nerves form the
sacral plexus
The ventral branches of the cranial sacral nerve( sacral plexus) joins the vertebra branches of the last three lumbar spinal nerves to form the
Lumbsacral plexus
The sacral part of the lumbo sacral plexus extends distally in the wall of the pelvic cavity as the
Sciatic plexus and continues as the sciatic nerves.
Sciatic plexus gives origin to which nerves
Cranial gluteal nerve, caudal gluteal nerve, caudal femoral cutaneous nerve
Pudendal nerve
Caudal Rectal nerves.
Cranial gluteal nerve innervates the
Middle and deep gluteal muscles,tensor fasciae late and the piriform muscles
Cranial gluteal nerve
Leaves the pelvis by passing immediatey over the….
…. a companied by the the cranial gluteal blood vesels
Greater Isciatic notch
Cranial gluteal blood vessels
