Embryology

Question 1

What is embryology

Answer 1

Development of an organism from a fertilised egg to birth.

Question 2

Define phylogeny

Answer 2

Origin of a specie.

Question 3

What was the contribution of William Harvey to embryology?

Answer 3

He was the first to observe blastoderm of the chick embryo.

Question 4

Caspar Federch Wolf

Answer 4

Made detailed observations on chick embryos. He demonstrated how the gut arises the folding of an originally in different flat tissue and produces.

Question 5

Ernst Haeckel

Answer 5

Considered that ontogeny is a short recapitulation of phylogeny.

Question 6

…….abandoned his practice after reading “The Origin of Species” by ………

Answer 6

a) Ernst Haeckel

b) Charles Darwin

Question 7

Democritusa

Answer 7

The Sex of an individual is determined by the the origin of sperm. Male from the right,testicle and female from the left.

Question 8

Aristotle

Answer 8

First real embryologist!. In The Genaration of Animals he described the different ways that animals are born; oviparity(birds frogs, and most invertebrates), by live birth( viviparity, as in placental animals and some fish) ovoviviparity( production of an egg that hatches inside the body in reptiles and sharks).

Noted the two major patterns of cell division in early development: holoblsstic cleavage in which the entire eggs is divided into progressively smaller cells(frogs and mammals)
Meroblastic pattern in which only the part of the egg destined to be an embryo properly divides and the remainder serving nutritive purposes(as in birds)

Question 9

…….. Described the fetal membrane and umbilical cord in cattle.

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

Who Observed that embryo’s do develops it organ system gradually. They are not preformed. Denovo formation of embryonic structures, Epigenesis.

Answer 10

Aristotle

Question 11

Aristotle misconception

Answer 11

That male’s semen didn’t contribute to conception physically

Question 12

Kopho

Answer 12

Anatomy Porci. One of the first anatomical descriptions of the pregnant uterus of a pig.

Question 13

Leonardo davinci

Answer 13

Investigated the pregnant uterus of a cow.

Question 14

Hieronymus fabricus

Italian anatomist

Answer 14

In his book De Formato Foetus described the gross anatomy of embryos and that but wasn’t the first to do so.

Question 15

Bartolomeo Eustacius

Answer 15

Previous published illustrations of dog and sheep embryos .(Before fabricius)

Question 16

What is Bursa Fabricius

Answer 16

The immunological competent portion of the hind gut)

Question 17

Marcello Marphigi

Answer 17

An Italian medical doctor published the first microscopic account of development.

He also examined that unincubated eggs where structured leading him to think that the where preformed

Question 18

Zacharias Janssen

Answer 18

Developed microscope that could achieve only 10-20 times magnification. It was just to attract audience at country fairs.

Question 19

Regnier de graaf

Answer 19

Studied female reproductive organs (mainly ovaries) with those of chicken and considered mammalian antral follicles to be the eggs.

Question 20

Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm

Bishoff

Answer 20

A German medical doctor who introduced tyd nomenclature ‘Graffian follicle”

Question 21

Karl Er st Von Baer

Answer 21

Opened the “graafian egg”(as the follicle was known) and saw with his eye, a small yellow point and called the mammalian egg

Described the notochord.

Question 22

Anthony Van leuwen hoek

Answer 22

Reported seeing a moving spermatozoa

Constructed a single lens microscope that magnified 300 times.

Identified 2 mammalian gamates.

Question 23

Casper federich wolf

Answer 23

Observed the first strong case if epigenesis by demonstrating that gut arises from the folding of an originally indifferent flat tissue.

Question 24

Christian Pander

Answer 24

Discovered the 3 germ layers

Question 25

Rathke

Answer 25

Studied comparative embryology in frogs salamanders fish &Bird and looted out the similarities in development a..

Described pharyngeal arches common to the development of these an

Question 26

Rudolph Albert von kollicker

Answer 26

Along withtheodir Ludwig detailed observations on the initial cleavge stages.

Question 27

August weismann

Answer 27

Proposed germ cell plasma theory that egg and sperm provided equal chromosomal contributions to the new organism but was wrong about the mechanism of differentiation.

Question 28

Thanks to ……,…..&….. The preformation school in it’s radical form ceased

Answer 28

Christian Panda,von baer and

MartinHeinrich Ratke

Question 29

Whelm Roux

Answer 29

Put weismans differentiation theory to test.Destroyed 2-4_ cellfrogs embryo by a hot needle.

Question 30

Hans Aldof Eduard Driesch

Answer 30

Used cell separation instead of Roux’s cell destruction technique to discover that each if the cells from early cleavage stage were able to develop into a small but complete embryo and larva.