Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
Humans and other mammals prefers to store excess energy only in the form of lipid because?
- Energy content of lipid is 2-3times higher.
- Lipid can be stored without water of hydration.
- Oxidation of lipids produces more water.
True or false? lipids can meet energy requirement for a week.
True
How do camels suit well to dry conditions
It derives water and energy from large amount of lipids.
Defect or changes in tgepathways of lipid metabolism are directly related to development of diseases.
True
Increased fatty acid oxidation in starvation and diabetes leads to
Keto acidosis
Decreased fatty acid oxidation leads to
Hypoglycemia
Aspirin; an inflammatory drug works by
inhibiting prostagladin formation.
Hypoglycin causes
Hypoglycemia
Excessive fat accumulation leads to
Obesity
Bile salt produced by cholesterol is required for
Absorption of dietary lipids.
Inhibitors of bile acid formation are used in the treatment of
Atherosclerosis
Among lipids, Stored form of energy is
Triglycerides
During fasting or in between meals triglycerides are broken down into
glycerol and fatty acids.
List some biochemical activities that take place in the mitochondrial
Lipid metabolism, kreb’s cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation. part of urea cycle too.
Carnitine is protein in the outer membrane of the mitochondrial that helps in the………..,..
Movement of long chain fatty acids into the cell.
Long chain fatty acids oxidation involve?
Activation in outer mitochondrian, membrane.
Transport of activated fatty acids across inner membrane.
Oxidation in the mitochondrial.
…… In the outer mitochondrial membrane is responsible for activation of long fatty acids.
Acyl COA Synthases(thiokinase)
Long chain fatty acids oxidation involves
Activation in outer membrane
Transport of activated fatty acids across inner mitochondrial membrane.
Oxidation in mitochondrial.
Canitineacyl transferase I regulates entry of ………into ……..
Fatty acids into mitochondrial.
Acyl carnitine is translocated to the matrix of mitochondrial by
Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase(in the inner membrane).
What is tge fundtion of CAT II
Liberates acyl group from acyl carnitine as acyl - COA.
To complete carnitine shuttle, carnitine is sent back to outer of inner mitochondrial membrane by
Carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase.
B- oxidation is………….
Degradation of fatty acids or acyl CoA Sequential removal of 2 carbon atoms at a true form the carbonyl end after the B carbon has been converted to ketoform
Degradation of Acyl CoA to acetyl CoA
Beta Oxidation
How many reactions are involved in the beta oxidation of acyl CoA
Four reactions
The first three reactions of Beta oxidation is to convert beta carbon to what form?
B- keto acyl CoA
The B- Keto acyl CoA is split into
Acetyl CoA and an acyl-CoA(which is smaller by 2carbons)
The acyl CoA smaller by two carbons undergo B-oxidation once again. True or false
True till acyl CoA is completely converted to acetyl CoA
The reaction sequence of B-Oxidation includes
Dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA
Addition of Water across the double bond (by Enoyl- CoA hydratase)
Dehydrogenation of B-hydroxy acyl-CoA to B- Keto acyl-CoA.
Lytic reaction of B-Keto acyl -CoA to give one acetyl- CoA and an acyl-CoA(2 carbon less)
Among lipids, …….serve as stored form of energy and are broken down to……….., and ……….
a) triglycerides
b) fatty acids and glycerol.
95% of energy from lipids are from
Fatty acids
At the plasma membrane fatty acid dissociates from …………. and combines with membrane , fatty acid binding protein , which transports fatty acid into ………….. along with ……….
Albumin,cytosol , Sodium ion(Na+)
True/False
In the mitochondria there exists distinct acyl-CoA dehydrogenase for short, medium and long chain acyl-CoAs
True
The catalyst in the dehydrogenation of acyl CoA is
FAD containing acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
The product of the first dehydrogenation reaction of acyl-CoA is ……….
∆^2 trans- enoyl- CoA.
What is the fate of FAD in the the dehydrogenase reaction of acyl-CoA
FAD is converted to FADH2
In B oxidation of acyl-CoA Addition of water across the double bond is by …….
Enoyl CoA Hydra tase.( which is stereo specific.
The NAD dependent reaction I’in the B oxidation of acyl CoA &other long chain fatty acids is?
In the dehydrogenation of B- hydroxyl acyl CoA to B- keto acyl CoA
The end products of dehydrogenation of B- hydroxl Acyl-CoA gives
B- Keto acyl CoA
..,.. Causes the splitting of –C—C bond of keto acyl -CoA
B-keto acyl- CoA thiolase and the splitting occurs at the a &B(alpha &Beta carbon atoms
The product if the beta oxidation of stearic acid gives ……..as profucys
9acetyl COA, 8FADHz and 8NADH
Propionate is gotten from?
Odd number fatty acid metabolism. It is mainly produced in the rumen of ruminants by bacteria.
In humans propionyl CoA may arises from
Beta propionyl- CoA
Propionate and and propionyl-CoA are converted to
Glucose
