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Neurology SOH > Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

All spinal nerves are mixed. True or false?

A

True

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2
Q

Where is a spinal nerve located?

A

Only within an intervertebral foramen

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3
Q

Spinal nerves contain sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. True or false?

A

False

- only contain sympathetic division of the ANS

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4
Q

How do spinal nerves connect with structures of the body wall ?

A

Via rami

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5
Q

How do spinal nerves connect with the spinal cord ?

A

Via roots and rootlets

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6
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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7
Q

There are 8 cervical spinal nerves. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

There are 5 sacral spinal nerves. True or false?

A

True

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9
Q

There are 4 coccygeal spinal nerves. True or false?

A

False

- 1

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10
Q

Where do rootlets emerge from?

A

Dorsal and ventral aspects of each segment of the spinal cord

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11
Q

When dorsal (or ventral) rootlets come together they form a dorsal (or ventral) ____

A

Root

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12
Q

What is a dorsal root ganglion? and where is it located?

A

Enlargement of the posterior root as it passes through the intervertebral foramina

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13
Q

Which type of fibres does the dorsal root ganglion carry?

A

General sensory fibres

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14
Q

When dorsal and ventral roots fuse, it forms?

A

Mixed spinal nerve

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15
Q

Where do dorsal and ventral roots fuse?

A

Intervertebral foramen

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16
Q

Anterior (ventral) roots and rootlets carry only SENSORY/MOTOR fibres ?

A

Motor

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17
Q

Posterior (dorsal) roots and rootlets carry only SENSORY/MOTOR fibres?

A

Sensory

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18
Q

What does the spinal nerve split to form

A

Anterior and posterior rami

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19
Q

Which is larger: anterior or posterior rami?

A

Anterior rami

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20
Q

Sensory axons pass from

A

Dorsal horn of spinal cord -> Posterior rootlet -> Posterior root -> Mixed spinal nerve

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21
Q

Motor axons pass from

A

Mixed spinal nerve -> Anterior root -> Anterior rootlet -> Anterior horn of spinal cord

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22
Q

Rami are mixed. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

Anterior and posterior rami of each spinal nerve have segmental innervation. True or false?

A

True

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24
Q

Each spinal nerve pair supplies a body segment with ? (name 4 things)

A
  1. sensation in all body wall structures
  2. somatic motor supply to underlying skeletal muscles
  3. sympathetic nerve supply to the skin and to the smooth muscle of arterioles
  4. Spinal reflexes
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25
Q

Name 4 somatic general sensory symptoms

A

Pain (neuralgia)
Paraesthesia (pins and needles)
Numbness (anasthesia)
Hot or cold

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26
Q

Clinical testing of spinal nerve function involves testing 3 things

A

Test dermatomes -> tests sensory function
Test myotomes -> tests motor function
Test spinal cord reflexes -> tests sensory and motor function simultaneously

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27
Q

Sensory pathway - pre-central gyrus or post-central gyrus ?

A

Post central gyrus

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28
Q

Sensations from the body wall arrive in the ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR root of a spinal nerve ?

A

Posterior

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29
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

Areas of skin supplied by sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

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30
Q

If there is pathology in a single spinal nerve then you are unlikely to experience any numbness or abnormality at the affected level. Why?

A

There is a degree of overlap from other spinal nerves which are still functioning and are able to sufficiently supply that structure

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31
Q

Which dermatome is the male nipple ?

A

T4

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32
Q

Dermatomal testing allows you to check the integrity of dorsal roots/rootlets AND spinal nerves. True or false?

A

True

- but only tests the sensory component of spinal nerves

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33
Q

If there is sensory and motor deficit the problem will be?

A

Spinal nerve

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34
Q

If there is sensory deficit but motor function is normal, what will the problem be?

A

It is a dorsal root/rootlet problem

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35
Q

If both sides of the body are affected (abnormal dermatomal testing) then it is more likely to be a central/peripheral lesion?

A

Central

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36
Q

C2 dermatome supplies

A

Back of the scalp round to adams apple

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37
Q

C3 dermatome supplies clavicle, shoulder tip. True or false?

A

False

C4

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38
Q

Which dermatome supplies the back of the neck and jugular notch?

A

C3

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39
Q

Which dermatome supplies the badge patch area?

A

C5

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40
Q

Which dermatome supplies the thumb and index finger?

A

C6

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41
Q

Which dermatome supplies the 4th and 5th finger?

A

C8

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42
Q

Which dermatome supplies the medial forearm?

A

T1

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43
Q

Which dermatome supplies the middle finger?

A

C7

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44
Q

Which dermatome supplies the medial arm and sternal angle?

A

T2

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45
Q

Which dermatome supplies the pubic symphysis?

A

T12

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46
Q

Which dermatome supplies the groin?

A

L1 (hands in pockets)

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47
Q

Which dermatome supplies the anterior thigh?

A

L2

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48
Q

What does L3 dermatome supply?

A

Anterior knee

49
Q

What does L4 dermatome supply

A

Medial malleolus

50
Q

Which dermatome supplies the lateral malleolus?

A

S1

51
Q

Which dermatome supplies the heel?

A

S1

52
Q

Which dermatome supplies the dorsum of the foot ?

A

L5

53
Q

Which dermatome supplies toes 4 and 5 ?

A

S1

54
Q

Which dermatome supplies toes 1-3 ?

A

L5

55
Q

What does S2 dermatome supply?

A

Posterior knee

56
Q

What does S3 dermatome supply?

A

Buttocks

57
Q

What does S4 dermatome supply?

A

Perineum

58
Q

What does S5 dermatome supply?

A

Perianal skin

59
Q

What do posterior rami supply?

A

Posterior rami supply sensation to the MEDIAL section of the back, from T2 -> L3 vertebral level

60
Q

Sensation lateral/outwith the posterior rami supply section is supplied by ?

A

Anterior rami

61
Q

Plexuses are formed by anterior/posterior rami only. True or false?

A

Anterior rami only

62
Q

What is a plexus?

A

Intermingled anterior rami

63
Q

Which anterior rami do NOT contribute to a plexus?

A

T2 -> T12 anterior rami

64
Q

What is the upper anterolateral trunk wall supplied by?

A

Intercostal nerves

65
Q

Intercostal nerves are formed from anterior rami of which spinal nerves ?

A

T2 -> T 11

66
Q

What is the lower anterolateral trunk wall supplies by?

A

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

67
Q

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves are formed from the fabrication of the anterior rami of which spinal nerve?

A

L1 spinal nerve

68
Q

The subcostal nerve is formed from anterior rami of which spinal nerve?

A

T12

69
Q

Spinal nerve vs named nerver

A

Spinal nerve - contains axons originating from one SC level

Named nerve - contains axons originating from ONE OR MORE SC level

70
Q

Named nerves follow a dermatome. True or false?

A

False

71
Q

Named nerves - the area of cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve crosses which 3 dermatomes?

A

L2, L3, L4

72
Q

If patient comes in with pain in L2 dermatome region, what are the 2 options:

A

L2 dermatome alone is affected
OR
Femoral nerve

Therefore must check L3 and L4 dermatomes for any abnormality

73
Q

C2 spinal nerve - named nerve ? what does it supply ?

A

Lesser occipital nerve

Supplies skin posterior to external ear

74
Q

C2,C3 named nerve ? what does it supply?

A

Greater auricular nerve

Supplies skin over angle of mandible and some of external ear

75
Q

C3,C4 named nerve? what does it supply?

A

Supraclavicular nerve

Supplies skin over the clavicle and shoulder tip

76
Q

What are the 4 named nerves of the cervical plexus?

A

Lesser occipital nerve
Greater auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve
Supraclavicular nerve

77
Q

What phrase is used to remember the nerves of the cervical plexus?

A

Little
Goats
Tread
Softly

78
Q

Where is the nerve point of the neck located?

A

Posterior border of the SCM

79
Q

Axillary nerve roots?

A

C5, C6

80
Q

UMN - where is the cell body located?

A

Within the primary somatomotor cortex of the pre-central gyrus

81
Q

Where are UMN’s found?

A

In brain and SC

82
Q

Where are LMN’s found?

A

From spinal nerve roots and moving peripherally

83
Q

Dysfunction in UMN results in SPASTICITY/FLACCICITY ?

A

Spasticity

84
Q

What are myotomes

A

The skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single nerve

85
Q

Cervical plexus roots

A

C1-C4

86
Q

The cervical plexus supplies motor innervation to the diaphragm. True or false?

A

True

87
Q

T2-L3 motor axons supply postural back muscles via ?

A

Posterior rami

88
Q

T2-L3 motor axons supply intercostal muscles via ?

A

Anterior rami

89
Q

Lumbosacral plexus roots

A

L1-S4

90
Q

Which myotome tests shoulder abduction?

A

C5

91
Q

Which myotome tests finger abduction?

A

T1

92
Q

Which myotome tests elbow extension?

A

C7

93
Q

Which myotome tests finger flexion?

A

C8

94
Q

Which myotome tests elbow flexion?

A

C6

95
Q

Which myotome tests great toe extension?

A

L5

96
Q

Which myotome tests knee extension ?

A

L3

97
Q

Which myotome tests knee flexion?

A

S2

98
Q

Which myotome tests ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L5

99
Q

Which myotome tests ankle plantar flexion ?

A

S1

100
Q

Testing spinal reflexes tests sensory and motor component. true or false?

A

True

101
Q

Reflex muscle contractions are controlled by ascending/descending pathways?

A

Descending

102
Q

Patellar reflex - tap the patellar tendon which causes stretching of the fibres of which muscle?

A

Quadriceps fibres

103
Q

Knee jerk reflex tests

A

L3

104
Q

Bicepps brachi reflex tests

A

C5, C6

105
Q

Triceps brachii reflex tests

A

C7

106
Q

Brachioradialis reflex tests

A

C6

107
Q

Ankle jerk reflex tests

A

S1

108
Q

Peripheral nerve motor innervation - muscles of facial expression

A

CN VII

109
Q

Peripheral nerve motor innervation - muscles of mastication

A

CN V3

110
Q

Peripheral nerve motor innervation - diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5 - from the cervical plexus)

111
Q

Peripheral nerve motor innervation - sternocleidomastoid?

A

CN XI

112
Q

Peripheral nerve motor innervation - trapezius

A

CN XI

113
Q

Peripheral nerve motor innervation - intercostal muscles

A

Intercostal nerves

114
Q

Peripheral nerve motor innervation - anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves

115
Q

Peripheral nerve motor innervation - intrinsic back muscles

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

116
Q

Named nerve motor innervation of upper limb - axillary nerve

A

C5, C6

deltoid and teres minor

117
Q

Named nerve motor innervation of upper limb - musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5, C6, C7

118
Q

Named nerve motor innervation of lower limb - femoral nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

119
Q

Named nerve motor innervation of lower limb - obturator nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

Neurology SOH (31 decks)

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