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Neurology SOH > Cells of the CNS > Flashcards

Cells of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neurone

A

Nerve cell that receives and integrates information then transmits electrical impulses to another neurone

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2
Q

A neuron is the main communicating cell of the CNS. True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

Neuron - what is the function of dendrites ?

A

Extensions of the cell body. Increase the surface area for receiving information.

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4
Q

Dendrites can carry both excitatory and inhibitory inputs. True or false?

A

True

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5
Q

Neuron - what is contained in the cell body (soma)

A

Nucleus and other organelles

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6
Q

Neuron - cell body is where the net excitatory or net inhibitory change in membrane potential occurs. True or false?

A

True

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7
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

Site of initiate of the AP

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8
Q

Where in the neurone has the highest density of voltage activated Na+ channels?

A

Axon hillock

- this is why it is the site of initiation of AP

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9
Q

Neuron - function of the axon

A

Conducts output signals as APs

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10
Q

Axonal transport - anterograde direction

A

Between the soma and pre-synaptic terminal

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11
Q

Axonal transport - retrograde direction

A

Back to the soma

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12
Q

What is the axon covered by ?

A

Myelin sheath

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13
Q

IN the CNS, the myelin sheath is composed of ?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

In the PNS, the myelin sheath is composed of ?

A

Schwann cells

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15
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

Prevents current loss and increases the resistance across the membrane so that local current crosses further

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16
Q

What are nodes of ranvier?

A

This is where leakage of current occurs

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17
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The point of chemical communication between neurones

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18
Q

Which part of the brain are the majority of neurones located in ?

A

Cerebellum

19
Q

A multipolar neurone has 2 or more dendrites. True or false?

A

True

20
Q

Multipolar neurones are sensory/motor?

A

Motor neurones

21
Q

Motor neurones have cell body in CNS/PNS and axon in CNS/PNS ?

A

CNS

PNS

22
Q

Pre-synaptic neurone - cell body in CNS/PNS, axon in CNS/PNS ?

A

CNS

PNS

23
Q

Post-synaptic neurone - cell body in CNS/PNS, axon in CNS/PNS ?

A

PNS

PNS

24
Q

Unipolar neurons are sensory/motor?

A

Sensory neurones

25
Q

Unipolar neurones have cell body in CNS/PNS and axon in CNS/PNS ?

A

PNS

PNS

26
Q

What is a pseudo unipolar neurone?

A

Cell body ends to a single process but that process only travels a short distance before it bifurcates

27
Q

What is the most common cell in the CNS ?

A

Glial cell

28
Q

Glial cells can give rise to brain tumours. True or false?

A

True

29
Q

Name the 4 main types of glial cell

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

30
Q

Astrocytes - appearance

A

Star shaped

- have many processes

31
Q

Astrocytes - function

A

Structural support of the brain

Maintains BBB

32
Q

Which cells are responsible for recycling glutamate?

A

Astrocytes

33
Q

What is the main cell involved in repair and scar formation?

A

Astrocyte

34
Q

Oligodendrocytes - function

A

Wraps around axons in the CNS forming the myelin sheath.

35
Q

Oligodendrocytes have a major reaction to injury. True or false?

A

False

- limited reaction to injury

36
Q

Damage to the myelin sheath can result in

A

Reduced conduction

Axons exposed to injury

37
Q

Oligodendrocyte damage is a feature of which type of disorders?

A

Demyelinating disorders

38
Q

Microglia - where do they originate from?

A

Bone marrow

39
Q

Microglia - function

A

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation.

They wait for something to happen and then become activated and invade the CNS

40
Q

Microglia - important in response to injury. True or false?

A

True

41
Q

Ependymal cells - location

A

Line the ventricles of the brain

42
Q

Ependymal cells - infectious agents produce changes in these cells. true or false?

A

True

43
Q

Ependymal cells have a limited response to injury. True or false?

A

True

Neurology SOH (31 decks)

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