Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Sympathetic outflow involves which part of the spinal cord?

Answer 1

T1 -> L2

Question 2

Why does sympathetic outflow only involve T1 -> L2 segments?

Answer 2

These are the only segments that have lateral horns for cell bodies of the next sympathetic neurones in the chain

Question 3

Why is the lateral horn important in sympathetic outflow?

Answer 3

It contains the pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurones

Question 4

Sympathetic outflow - for somatic structures, where does the synapse occur?

Answer 4

In one of the ganglia of the sympathetic chain -> post synaptic axons pass into all spinal nerves until they reach body wall

Question 5

Sympathetic outflow - for visceral structures - heart - where does the synapse occur?

Answer 5

In T1 ganglion or cervical paravertebral ganglia -> post synaptic axons pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

Question 6

Sympathetic outflow - for visceral structures - lungs - where does the synapse occur?

Answer 6

Upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia -> post synaptic axons pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

Question 7

Sympathetic outflow - for adrenal medulla - where does the synapse occur?

Answer 7

Synapse occurs directly onto the adrenal medulla

Question 8

Parasympathetic outflow - Which CNs do they leave the CNS via ?

Answer 8

CN III, VII, IX, X

Question 9

Parasympathetic has crania-sacral outflow. True or false?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Parasympathetic outflow - where does the synapse occur?

Answer 10

Head and neck ganglia or in the surface of the organ that it is innervating.