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Spinal 2 > Spinal Ex 3 Wk 2 > Flashcards

Spinal Ex 3 Wk 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the possible locations of pseudounipolar neurons?

A

any sensory ganglion other than those of the eighth cranial nerve

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2
Q

Where is the primary sensory neuron of a typical sensory pathway located?

A

in a sensory ganglion

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3
Q

What is the morphology of most motor or efferent neurons associated with the peripheral nerve system?

A

multipolar

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4
Q

What are the three classifications of sensory receptor endings?

A

functional specificity, distribution-function, and structure or morphology

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5
Q

What do blood chemoreceptors monitor?

A

hypoxia (decreased oxygen levels), hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide levels) and elevated hydrogen ions (blood pH)

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6
Q

What do blood baroreceptors monitor?

A

They monitor blood pressure by evaluating stretch or tension along the length of the receptor ending

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7
Q

What are the types and examples of exteroceptors?

A

A) general or cutaneous sense organs such as free nerve endings, encapsulated endings and epidermal endings
B) Special sense receptors for olfaction, vision, hearing, and taste

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8
Q

What are the examples of proprioceptors?

A

Golgi tendon organs, neuromuscular spindles, Pacinian corpuscles, inner ear receptors for equilibrium and specialized receptors in joints

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9
Q

Where will the interoceptors be located?

A

in viscera, glands, and blood vessels

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10
Q

Which type of encapsulated nerve ending is sensitive to vibration?

A

Lamellated corpuscles or Pacinian corpuscles

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11
Q

Contrast the sensory ganglion with the motor ganglion.

A

Sensory ganglion contain primary sensory neuron cell bodies and lack synapses; motor ganglia contain secondary motor neuron cell bodies and always demonstrate synapses.

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12
Q

What are the parts of a primary sensory neuron?

A

Sensory receptor ending, peripheral sensory process, perikaryon, central sensory process, synaptic ending.

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13
Q

Muscles derived from somites are innervated by which cranial nerves?

A

Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve)
cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve)
cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve)
cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve)

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14
Q

Muscles derived from the briachial or pharyngeal arches are innervated by which cranial nerves?

A

Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)
cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve)

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15
Q

What peripheral nerves contain visceral efferent pathways at their origin?

A 
Cranial nerves III (oculomotor)
cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
spinal nerves T1-T12, L1, L2 and S2-S4
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16
Q

What are the ultimate target cells of the visceral efferent pathways?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular tissue, and some unique specialized cell types.

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17
Q

What is the basic way of describing the motor pathways to visceral muscle based on the number of neurons associated with the pathway?

A

two motor neuron pathways

18
Q

What is the location for the secondary sympathetic efferent neuron cell body?

A

a prevertebral ganglion or paravertebral ganglion

19
Q

what is the comparative length of the axons associated with the sympathetic efferent pathway?

A

preganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers are relatively short; postganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers are relatively long

20
Q

What is the name given to and neuroactive substance associated with postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers?

A

Cholinergic fibers, acetylcholine

21
Q

What is the name given to the location of a cranial nerve as it exits the central nervous system?

A

Apparent origin

22
Q

What types of efferent neurons form nuclei of origin in the brain?

A

somatic neurons, branchial neurons, and primary parasympathetic neurons

23
Q

Will sympathetic efferent neurons be located in the brain?

A

No

24
Q

What are the four classifications of afferent neurons?

A

somatic afferent, visceral afferent, special visceral afferent, and special sensory

25
Q

What do somatic afferents monitor?

A

pain, temperature, light touch, and proprioception

26
Q

What do visceral afferents monitor?

A

baroreception, chemoreception, sensation from viscera

27
Q

What do special visceral afferents monitor?

A

olfaction and taste

28
Q

What is unusual about the receptor ending of the primary olfactory neuron?

A

it is an olfactory knob covered with olfactory cilia

29
Q

What forms the true olfactory nerve?

A

Fila olfactoria

30
Q

What is the location for synapes between primary and secondary afferent neurons of the first cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory glomerulus

31
Q

What is the name of the traditional secondary afferent neuron of the first cranial nerve?

A

mitral cell

32
Q

What is the function of the Rod cell?

A

provide vision in dim light

33
Q

What is the function of the cone cell?

A

provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

34
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

axons of ganglion cells

35
Q

What occurs at the optic chiasma?

A

part of the optic nerve decussates

36
Q

Axons carried in the second cranial nerve will synapes in what specific location?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

37
Q

What is/are the target organ(s) for the somatic efferent fibers carried in the third cranial nerve?

A

medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique extrinsic muscles of the eyeball and the levator palpebrae superioris muscle of the eyelid

38
Q

Visceral efferent fibers conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from which nucleus?

A

accessory oculomotor nucleus of Edinger/Westphal

39
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve are carried in which nerve?

A

short ciliary nerve

40
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve synapes in what targets?

A

Sphincter pupillae & ciliaris intrinsic eye muscles

Spinal 2 (19 decks)

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