Spinal 2 Exam 2 Wk 3

Question 1

What joint is formed between the odontoid process ossification centers and the centrum of C2?

Answer 1

the subdental synchondrosis

Question 2

What is the name given to the condition in which the joint formed between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 persists beyond age 7?

Answer 2

os odontoideum

Question 3

What is the name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odentoid process centers of ossification?

Answer 3

tip of the dens synchondrosis

Question 4

If the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, what is the condition called?

Answer 4

terminal ossicle

Question 5

What is the gender bias suggested in dorsalization of C7?

Answer 5

female

Question 6

What C7 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicalization?

Answer 6

the inferior articular facet may change from forward, medial, and downward to forward, lateral, and downward; the superior articular facet is unchanged

Question 7

What is the gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1?

Answer 7

males are two to three times more affected

Question 8

What T12 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization?

Answer 8

the superior articular facet may change from flat, back, upward, and lateral to concave, back, upward, and medial; the inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 9

What is characteristic of lumbarization of S1?

Answer 9

the failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala

Question 10

Which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine?

Answer 10

L5

Question 11

What is the traditional time of appearance of the cervical curve said to be?

Answer 11

during the last trimester in utero

Question 12

What development events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve?

Answer 12

centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops the head is held upright the intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior

Question 13

What is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

Answer 13

the righting reflex

Question 14

What is the location for the cervical kyhosis?

Answer 14

between occiput and C1

Question 15

What infant activities are associated with the development of the lumbar curve?

Answer 15

crawling and walking

Question 16

What developments events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

Answer 16

crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension on the lumbar region and pulls it forward muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars intervertebral disc height will become greater compared to posterior walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development

Question 17

What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity?

Answer 17

females have a greater convexity of the lumbar curve

Question 18

What is the relationship between curve direction and handedness?

Answer 18

a right handed person has a high probability for a right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination

Question 19

What clinical examples of abnormal curvatures along the vertebral column were stressed in class?

Answer 19

military neck, humpback or hunchback, and swayback

Question 20

What are the curve classifications for military neck?

Answer 20

a kyphosis or hypolordotic curve

Question 21

What are the curve classifications for swayback?

Answer 21

a lordosis or hyperlordic curve

Question 22

What is the more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis?

Answer 22

an abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial rotation

Question 23

What is the radiological test for skeletal maturity?

Answer 23

the Risser sign, an indication of bone maturity in the iliac apophysis

Question 24

What are the classifications of scoliosis according to the Scoliosis Research Society?

Answer 24

magnitude, location, direction, etiology, and structural/non-structural

Question 25

What is structural scoliosis?

Answer 25

a more radical form of scoliosis, it may worsen, associated with structural deformities of the verterbra or intervertebral disc, frequently has a fixed angle of trunk rotation

Question 26

What does idiopathic scoliosis infer?

Answer 26

the scoliosis is unique to the individual, it has no known cause, unknown etiology

Question 27

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis

Answer 27

right thoracic, females over 6 years old, 12% - 21% incidence

Question 28

Identity the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Answer 28

right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80% incidence

Question 29

What is the relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening?

Answer 29

the greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen

Question 30

Identity the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 30

left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence