Spinal 2 Ex 2 Wk 1

Question 1

The vertebral Artery on which side is typically larger?

Answer 1

Left vertebral artery

Question 2

What is the gender bias regarding size of the vertebral artery?

Answer 2

men have larger vertebral arteries than women

Question 3

what is the name of the physical exam used to determine vertebral artery patency?

Answer 3

The vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency test

Question 4

Which side artery is tested during the course of the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

Answer 4

the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation

Question 5

At what location will the vertebral artery form its first compensatory loop?

Answer 5

the atlanto-axial interspace

Question 6

At what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen?

Answer 6

both C1 and C2

Question 7

What is the purpose of the vertebral artery loops between C2,C1, and occiput?

Answer 7

The increase length will accommodate the greater rotation at these locations

Question 8

What happens to the vertebral arteryafter it enters the subarachnoid space at C1?

Answer 8

The vertebral artery asends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine-medullary junction where the right and left arteries unite to form the basilar artery

Question 9

What forms the boundaries for the exit of the C1 nerve from the spinal canal?

Answer 9

Occipital Condyle, superior articular process of C1, capsular ligament, arcuate rim, groove for the vertebral artery, posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

Question 10

What forms the boundaries for the exit of the C2 nerve from the spinal canal?

Answer 10

Inferior articular process of C1, superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament, inferior vertebral notch of C1, superior vertebral notch of C2, posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2, posterior atlanto- axial ligament.

Question 11

What forms the anterior boundary for the C3-C7 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

Answer 11

The vertebral bodies, intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, uncinate process, lateral groove

Question 12

What forms the anterior boundary for the C8 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

Answer 12

The vertebral bodies of C7 and T1, intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, capsular ligament of the costocentral joint, superior costal facet of T1 and articular surface of the first rib

Question 13

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

Answer 13

The vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process

Question 14

What is the aortic impression?

Answer 14

The flattening of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims on the left side of the vertebral body of T5-T8 which give the vertebral body a less scalloped or less indented appearance on that side

Question 15

What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

Answer 15

The posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

Question 16

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 16

Amphiarthrosis syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis symphysis and diarthrosis arthrodia

Question 17

What is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?

Answer 17

Costocentral joint

Question 18

What ligaments support the costocentral joint?

Answer 18

The radiate costocentral or stellate costocentral ligament and the interarticular or intra-articular ligament

Question 19

What does the intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to?

Answer 19

The interarticular or intra-articular crest of the capitulum of the rib and the intervertebral disk

Question 20

Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3?

Answer 20

The longus colli

Question 21

Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?

Answer 21

The lateral view

Question 22

What is the rib - vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?

Answer 22

In the intervertebral foramen, the number of the rib is the same as the number of the lower thoracic in the vertebral couple

Question 23

What is the distance between the transverse tubercles in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 23

From T2 each transverse diameter becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posteriorly

Question 24

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?

Answer 24

The superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments

Question 25

The superior costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T4 will attach to which rib?

Answer 25

The fifth rib

Question 26

Which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 26

The longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis semispinalis thoracis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus and levator costarum brevis

Question 27

How can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process?

Answer 27

At T2-T4 the width between the superior articualr processes is greater than the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra. At T5-T8 the width between the superior articular processes is equal to or the same as the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra

Question 28

Identify the synovial joint surfaces present on a typical thoracic.

Answer 28

Two superior costal demi-facets, two inferior costal demi-facets, two transverse costal facets, two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets

Question 29

What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 29

The undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane. The undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane

Question 30

Which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 30

Rhomboid major, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis

Question 31

What Joints are identified at the vertebral body of T1?

Answer 31

Vertebral body to anterior longitudinal ligament at the epiphyseal rims,
vertebral body to posterior longitudinal ligament at the epiphyseal rims, vertebral body to vertebral body via the intervertebral discs, vertebral body to capitulum of a rib (costocentral joint)

Question 32

How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?

Answer 32

Typically ten; fourteen if the rib ligaments are included.

Question 33

Which spinal nerve-vertebral notch or incisure combination is present at T1?

Answer 33

C8 spinal nerves- the superior vertebral notch ir incisure of T1, T1 spinal nerve- the inferior vertebral notch or incisure of T1

Question 34

What ligament is absent at the costotransverse joint of T1?

Answer 34

The superior costotransverse ligament

Question 35

Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10?

Answer 35

inferior costal demi-facets

Question 36

Para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment?

Answer 36

T10

Question 37

A dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often characteristic of the location of which segment?

Answer 37

T10

Question 38

What name is given to T11?

Answer 38

the anticlinal vertebra

Question 39

What ligaments from the costotransverse joint of T11?

Answer 39

The superior costotransverse, and slightly developed inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

Question 40

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T11?

Answer 40

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and interspinalis