Spinal 2 Wk 4

Question 1

How can synovial fluid be a dialysate?

Answer 1

It results from the movement of part of the blood through the vascular wall to form interstitial fluid and the subsequent movement of the interstitial fluid through the synovial laminal intima into the joint cavity, thus it is a dialysate.

Question 2

What are the classifications of diarthroses based of the number of articulating surfaces?

Answer 2

Simple, compound, and complex synovial joints.

Question 3

What is a complex diarthrosis?

Answer 3

The articulating surfaces are separated by an articular disc or meniscus.

Question 4

What are examples of diarthrosis sellar joints?

Answer 4

Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, talocrural joint of the ankle, and the calcaneocuboid joint of the foot.

Question 5

What are the regions of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 5

Cervical, petrous, cavernous and cerebral.

Question 6

What branch of the cavernous division of the internal carotid artery was stressed in the text?

Answer 6

The opthalmic artery.

Question 7

What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?

Answer 7

The vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery and deep cervical artery.

Question 8

What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

Answer 8

The deep cervical artery, highest (superior) intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery.

Question 9

What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?

Answer 9

The lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median (middle) sacral artery.

Question 10

What vessels form the retromandibular vein?

Answer 10

Superficial temporal and internal maxillary vein.

Question 11

What characteristics of lymph capillaries were stressed in the text?

Answer 11

They begin as blind-ended sacs, have greater luminal diameter than blood capillaries, are more variable in luminal diameter than blood capillaries are more layered in plexus arrangements than blood capillaries.

Question 12

What are the names of the ducts of the lymphatic system?

Answer 12

Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct.

Question 13

What parts of the body will the right lymphatic duct drain?

Answer 13

The right side of the head, neck, and thoracic parietal wall, as well as the right upper extremity, right lung and convex (diaphragmatic) surface of the liver.

Question 14

What is the location and structural origin for the thoracic duct?

Answer 14

L2 from the cisterna chyli.

Question 15

What are examples of aggregate lymph nodules?

Answer 15

The tonsils and Peyer’s patches of the small intestine.

Question 16

What is the function of lymph nodules?

Answer 16

Perpetuation of the lymphocyte cell line and to aid in the immune response

Question 17

What is the function of lymph nodes?

Answer 17

They primarily filter lymph but also are involved in lymphocytopoiesis and they do participate in the immune response.

Question 18

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

Answer 18

C5/C6

Question 19

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation?

Answer 19

Amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

Question 20

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

Answer 20

Joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint.

Question 21

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 21

The longus colli muscle.

Question 22

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?

Answer 22

Posterolateral, 45 degrees.

Question 23

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical vertebral couple?

Answer 23

C5/C6

Question 24

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse processes beginning at the vertebral body.

Answer 24

Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process.

Question 25

What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

Answer 25

Anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransverse muscles

Question 26

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

Answer 26

Splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scaline, posterior scaline, rotators and posterior intertransverse muscles.

Question 27

What muscles will attache to the costotransverse bar?

Answer 27

Middle scalene and posterior intertransverse muscles.

Question 28

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

Answer 28

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane).

Question 29

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

Answer 29

The vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor verve fibers.

Question 30

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

Answer 30

The longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis, capitis, semispinalis cervicis, mutifidis and rotators.