Spinal 2 Exam 2 Week 2

Question 1

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T12?

Answer 1

Typically 8; ten if the rib ligaments are included.

Question 2

Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T12?

Answer 2

Psoas major and psoas minor

Question 3

What does the superior tubercle of T12 represent?

Answer 3

The mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae.

Question 4

What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of the twelfth rib?

Answer 4

The superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1.

Question 5

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T12?

Answer 5

They face forward, downward, and lateral.

Question 6

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?

Answer 6

The trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis thoracic, multifidus, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis.

Question 7

Which erector spinae muscle is unique in its attachment to the T12 spinous process?

Answer 7

Iliocostalis lumborum

Question 8

Which muscles attach to the vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 8

Longus Colli, psoas major, and minor.

Question 9

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

Answer 9

The vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height.

Question 10

What muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

Answer 10

Psoas major, psoas minor.

Question 11

What is the name given to ligaments which attach vertebral body to articular process?

Answer 11

Transforaminal ligaments

Question 12

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

Answer 12

Corporotransverse ligaments

Question 13

What is the proposed function of the Hofmann ligaments in the cervical-upper thoracic region?

Answer 13

Resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord.

Question 14

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

Answer 14

Overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes.

Question 15

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?

Answer 15

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process.

Question 16

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

Answer 16

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the lumbar spinal nerve

Question 17

What muscle(s) attach to the lumbar accessory process?

Answer 17

Longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

Question 18

What muscle(s) will attach to the mammillary process?

Answer 18

Multifidis and intertransversarii

Question 19

What names are given to the condition in which the right zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in a plane or position different from the left zygapophysis?

Answer 19

Joint asymmetry or joint tropism

Question 20

What is the name(s) of the condition when the typical lumbar spinous process increase in length due to the aging process?

Answer 20

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

Question 21

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

Answer 21

The lumbosacral, iliolumbar, mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments.

Question 22

What is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

Answer 22

Knife clasp syndrome

Question 23

Lumbar spondylosis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?

Answer 23

Fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under five years old, patients who have never walked and in on-erect species.

Question 24

What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view.

Answer 24

A collared Scotty dog.

Question 25

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 25

Rare, congenital , gender biased toward men, most common at c6 and linked to spodylolisthesis and spina bifida.

Question 26

Identify all names given to type 1 spondylolisthesis?

Answer 26

Dysplastic spodylolisthesis, congenital spodylolisthesis.

Question 27

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type 2 spondylolisthesis?

Answer 27

Isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal.

Question 28

What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions changes often associated with type 3 spondylolisthesis?

Answer 28

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal.

Question 29

What causes type 4 spondylolisthesis?

Answer 29

Fracture of the neural arch components.

Question 30

What are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 30

Bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta.

Question 31

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

Answer 31

The mammillary process of S1 and the sacral Cornu of S5

Question 32

What features may be identified along the lateral sacral crest?

Answer 32

S1 transverse tubercle, sacral tuberosity of S2, transverse tubercles of S3, S4 and S5.

Question 33

What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 33

The accessory sacro-iliac joint.

Question 34

What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?

Answer 34

The sacral promontory.

Question 35

What forms the posterior boundary for the first coccygeal spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 35

Sacral Cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial dorsal sacral coccygeal ligament, intercornual ligament.

Question 36

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

Answer 36

The union of the superficial dorsal and deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament.

Question 37

Superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be oriented backward, upward, and medial?

Answer 37

C1, C3-C7, L1-L5, S1

Question 38

Superior articular facets of which segments will be oriented backward, upward and lateral?

Answer 38

C2, T1-T12.

Question 39

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented forward, lateral and downward?

Answer 39

C2-C6, T12, L1-L5

Question 40

What is another way of implying occipitalization of C1?

Answer 40

Atlas assimilation