Spinal 2 Exam 4 Wk 2

Question 1

Branchial efferent fibers conveyed in the tenth cranial nerve will innervate what target organs(s)?

Answer 1

Muscles of the soft palate; constrictor muscles of the pharynx; cricothyroid muscle and palatoglossus muscle.

Question 2

What is the nucleus of origin for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers conveyed in the tenth cranial nerve

Answer 2

The dorsal vagal nucleus.

Question 3

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the of the tenth cranial nerve are distributed to which target organs?

Answer 3

Smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi, pharanx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon (to the splenic flexure), and heart as well as to the liver and pancreas.

Question 4

What is the location of primary afferent neurons of the tenth cranial nerve whose peripheral processes are associated with general somatic sensation from the posterior cranial dura?

Answer 4

Jugular ganglion or superior vagal ganglioin

Question 5

Peripheral processes of pseudounipolar neurons associated with general visceral sensation are carried in the tenth cranial nerve to what location?

Answer 5

The nodose ganglion or inferior vagal ganglion.

Question 6

Central processes of pseudonuipolar neurons associated with general visceral sensation are carried in the tenth cranial nerve to synapse at what location?

Answer 6

The cardiorespiratory nucleus of the nucleus solitarius.

Question 7

What is/are the target organs(s) monitoring blood pressure or blood physiology supplied by the tenth cranial nerve?

Answer 7

Aortic body or aortic glomus and the aortic arch.

Question 8

The cranial root of the eleventh cranial nerve is annexed by which nerve?

Answer 8

The vagus nerve

Question 9

What is unique about the eleventh cranial nerve?

Answer 9

It is the only cranial nerve to originate, in part, from the spinal chord and it is the only cranial nerve to be associated with the foramen magnum.

Question 10

Branches of the twelfth cranial nerve provide somatic efferent innervation to which extrinsic muscle of the tongue?

Answer 10

Genioglossus muscle, styloglossus muscle, and hyoglossus muscle.

Question 11

Peripheral processes from sensory receptors in the dura mater f the posteior cranial fossa will be conveyed from the twelfth cranial nerve to what nerve?

Answer 11

The ventral ramus of the first cervical nerve.

Question 12

In the spinal nerve pathways, where is the cell body of a primary afferent neuron located?

Answer 12

The dorsal nerve root ganglion.

Question 13

What name is given to the generic location for efferent neurons associated with spinal nerves?

Answer 13

Ventral horn or lateral horn.

Question 14

What are the primary neuronal projections observed in a nerve?

Answer 14

Peripheral sensory processes and motor nerve fibers.

Question 15

Contrast the sensory/afferent ganglion with the motor/efferent ganglion.

Answer 15

Sensory/afferent ganglia contain pseudounipolar, primary sensory neurons and lack synapses. Motor/efferent ganglia contain multipolar, secondary motor neurons and always demonstrate synapses.

Question 16

What primarily forms the dorsal horn?

Answer 16

Secondary sensory neurons

Question 17

Waht par of the primary afferent neuron will be located in each of the five parts of the peripheral nerve system as stressed in class?

Answer 17

Peripheral sensory process – mixed spinal nerve, ventral primary ramus/division, dorsal primary ramus/division. Central sensory process – dorsal nerve root

Question 18

What are the divisions of the peripheral nerve system based on the type of target cell innervated?

Answer 18

Somatic division and the visceral/autonomic/involuntary division.

Question 19

What skeletal muscles are innervated via the ventral primary rami/divisions?

Answer 19

All muscles of the neck, trunk, extremities, abdominal parietal wall, & pelvic parietal wall with the exception of muscles innervated by cranial nerves IX, X, XI in the neck and splenius, erector spinae, transversospinalis, suboccipital, interspinalis & levator consarum.

Question 20

What is the function of the enteric nerve system?

Answer 20

Control of motility, exocrine and endocrine secretions, microcirculation and regulation of the immune and inflammatory process of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 21

What are the primary enteric plexuses?

Answer 21

Myenteric plexus of Auerbach and the submucosal plexus of Meissner.

Question 22

Other than gangila or plexuses, in what additional location will neural crest cells associated with the sympathetic division be located?

Answer 22

Adrenal medulla

Question 23

The superior cervical ganglion is the result of fusion of which paravertebral ganglia?

Answer 23

C1-C4 paravertebral ganglia

Question 24

The stellate ganglion is the result of fusion of which paravertebral ganglia?

Answer 24

C7, C8, T1 paravertebral ganglia

Question 25

What are the names of he most consistent prevertebral ganglia?

Answer 25

Celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and inferior mesenteric ganglion.

Question 26

Which of the prevertebral nerve plexuses are more likely to contain secondary sympathetic neuron cell bodies?

Answer 26

Cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, and inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus.

Question 27

Based on the target cell innervated, what are the classifications given to postganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers?

Answer 27

Vasomotor fiber, pilomotor fiber, sudomotor fiber and secretomotor fiber

Question 28

What rami will communicate with the paravertebral ganglia?

Answer 28

White rami communicans, gray rami comminucans, interganglionic rami communicans, and splanchnic nerves

Question 30

What is the common sympathetic neuronal pathway?

Answer 30

The part of the sympathetic pathway from the spinal cord level of origin to the paravertebral ganglion which corresponds to that cord level of origin.

Question 31

What is the termination of the horizontal sympathetic neuronal pathway?

Answer 31

Smooth muscle or glandular tissue in the parietal wall of the thorax and upper abdomen; territory roughly corresponding to the T1-T12, L1-L2 dermatomes

Question 32

What is the termination of the ascending sympathetic neuronal pathway?

Answer 32

Smooth muscle or glandular tissue in the head, neck, and upper extremity.

Question 33

What is the termination of the descending sympathetic neuronal pathway?

Answer 33

Smooth muscle or glandular tissue in the parietal wall of the lower abdomen, pelvis and lower extremety.

Question 34

Upper and lower extremities are Innervates with sympathetically exclusively derived from which ramus or division?

Answer 34

Ventral primary ramus.

Question 35

What is the termination of the splanchnic/visceral sympathetic neuronal pathway?

Answer 35

Smooth uncle or glandular tissue in the organs and blood vessels often thorax, abdomen and pelvis.

Question 36

In the splanchnic pathway, what is the location of synapse of the pre ganglionic sympathetic efferent fiber?

Answer 36

In a prevertebral ganglion or paravertebral plexus.

Question 37

What is the cord level origin of the sympathetic neuronal pathway to the head?

Answer 37

Upper thoracic spinal chord levels, T1-T2 tipically.

Question 38

Where will preganglionic sympathetic efferent fibs synapse in the pathway to the heart?

Answer 38

1. Paravertebral ganglia of origin from T1-T4,T5
2. Any cervical paravertebral ganglion
3. The cardiac plexus

Question 39

Where will preganglionic sympathetic efferent fibs synapse in the adrenal gland pathway?

Answer 39

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.