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Neuroscience > Spinal Cord General Topography And Internal Structure > Flashcards

Spinal Cord General Topography And Internal Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord begins

And extends

A

superiorly at foramen magnum

caudally in the vertebral canal

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2
Q

Spinal cord is

A

Elongated, approximately cylindirical part of CNS

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3
Q

Spinal cord terminates

A

inferiorly between L1 – 2 (adult)

Terminates at the upper border of L3

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4
Q

Spinal cord is longer in

A

males than females about 45cm

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5
Q

Enlargements

A

• Cervical (C3–T2 segments)
Spinal nn. forming the brachial plexus

• Lumbosacral (L1–S3 segments)
Spinal nn. forming the lumbosacral plexus

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6
Q

plexus

A

Network of nerves or vessels in the body

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7
Q

Enlargements of spinal cord

are in in segments like c8 is caused by

A

intumescentia

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8
Q

A spinal cord has …. segment

A

31

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9
Q

A spinal cord segment is

A

Region of spinal cord associated with the emergence of a pair of nn
It Provides the attachment of the rootlets of a pair of spinal nn

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10
Q

Each spinal nerve is connected to the spinal cord by

A

posterior and anterior roots :
• The posterior root contains the processes of sensory neurons carryin information to the CNS

• The anterior root contains motor nerve fibers, which carry signals away from the CNS

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11
Q

the cell bodies of the sensory neurons are

A

clustered in a spinal ganglion at the distal end of the posterior root, usually in the intervertebral foramen

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12
Q

the cell bodies of the primary motor neurons are

A

in anterior regions of the spinal cord

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13
Q

31 pairs spinal nerves

A 
 8 pairs in cervical region
 12 pairs in thoracic region 
 5 pairs in lumbar region
 5 pairs in sacral region
 1 pair in coccygeal region
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14
Q

Spinal nerve is divided into

A

Dorsal ramus

Ventral ramus

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15
Q

Epineurium (surface of ganglion)

A

external connective-tissue sheath of a nerve trunk.

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16
Q

Major somatic plexuses formed from the anterior rami of spinal nerves are:

A 
CERVICAL (C1 to C4), 
BRACHIAL (C5 to T1), 
LUMBAR (L1 to L4), 
SACRAL (L4 to S4),
COCCYGEAL (S5 to Co) plexuses
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17
Q

Except for spinal nerve T1, the anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

A

remain independent and do not participate in plexuses

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18
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Spinal cord narrowing beginning from the inferior limit of lumbosacral enlargement
termination of spinal cord

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19
Q

Meninges of spinal cord are Continuation of

A

meninges of brain

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20
Q

Meninges

A

3 membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal

Dura mater spinalis
Arachnoidea mater spinalis
Pia mater spinalis

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21
Q

Dura mater and arachnoidea mater terminates (closes) at

Pia mater terminates (closes) at

A

S2 level

inferior limit of spinal cord

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22
Q

Denticulate ligament

A

Two flattened bands of piamater
that attach to the spinal duramater comprising 21 pairs of tooth-shaped extensions Anchores spinal cord to vertebral canal

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23
Q

Filum terminale

A

filament of connective tissue (about 20 cm) descends from apex of conus medullaris beginning from After the closure of pia mater.

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24
Q

Filum terminale internum:

A

upper 15 cm, surrounded by extensions of dural and arachnoid meninges, reaches caudal border of S2 vertebra

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25
Q

Filum terminale externum (lig. coccygeum)

A

Final 5 cm, fuses with investing dura mater, descends to dorsum of 1st coccygeal vertebral segment

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26
Q

External features of spinal cord

A
  • Anterior median fissure
  • Posterior median sulcus
  • Anterolateral sulcus
  • Posterolateral sulcus
  • Posterior intermediate septum
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27
Q

Posterior root; enters spinal cord from

A

posterolateral sulcus, brings sensory information from periphery

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28
Q

Anterior root; leaves spinal cord from

A

anterolateral sulcus

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29
Q

• Fila radicularia (rootlets);

A

the fibres forming the anterior and posterior roots

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30
Q

Spinal nerve: Formed in …. and are ….. pairs

A

intervertebral foramen

31 pairs

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31
Q

Spinal nerves contain what fibers

A

GSE, GSA, GVE, GVA fibres

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32
Q

The first cervical nerve (C1) location

A

atlas – occipital bone

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33
Q

The first cervical nerve (C1) is called

A

suboccipital n.

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34
Q

C2 to C7 emerge from the…..

A

vertebral canal above their respective vertebrae

35
Q

C8 emerges between

A

vertebrae CVII and TI

36
Q

All remaining spinal nerves, beginning with T1 , emerge from

A

vertebral canal below their respective vertebrae

37
Q

Each spinal n. leaves the vertebral canal from

A

intervertebral foramen of its corresponding vertebra

38
Q

Spinal cord is …… than vertebral column

A

shorter

39
Q

More caudal spinal roots descend for varying

distances around and beyond the cord to

A

reach

their corresponding foramina

40
Q

Cauda equina

A

Bundle of spinal nerves or rootlets fluctuating in cerebrospinal fluid at the level of lumbar cistern

41
Q

spinal cord fills the whole vertebral canal until

A

3rd month of fetal life

42
Q

DERMATOMES

A

area of skin which is innervated by a single dorsal root of the spinal nerve

43
Q

This is why the term dermatome refers to the

A

segmental innervation of the skin

44
Q

MYOTOMES

Mytome

A

The muscles served by a spinal nerve root.

a set of muscles innervated by a specific spinal nerve

45
Q

Gray matter contains

A

Neurons and neurites,neuroglia, blood vessels

46
Q

White matter

A

Nerve fibres (mostly myelinated axons), neuroglia, blood vessels

47
Q

Posterior funiculus
Lateral funiculus
Anterior funiculus

A

Between the posterior columns
Between posterior and anterior columns
Between anterior columns

48
Q

In the middle of the H shaped structure there is two…. and in the middle of them a ……..

A

nucleus

Central canal

49
Q

a small lateral horn could be observed in intermediate zone in…

A

In thoracic and upper lumbar regions

T1 – L3 (L2

50
Q

Gray commissure

A

Above and under and around the central canal

The - of the H

51
Q

Lateral horn is also known as

A

Intermediate column

52
Q

Gray matter contains

A 
Anterior horn
Posterior horn
Intermediate zone
(Lateral horn in between (T1 – L3 (L2)
• Central canal (CSF)(BOS) • Anterior gray commissure • Posterior gray commissure
53
Q

White matter contains

A

Anterior funiculus Posterior funiculus Lateral funiculus

54
Q

Gray Mater is composed of

A

cell bodies

55
Q

There is a Visceral and somatic part in each the motor and sensory part
Location

A

Visceral sensation and visceral motor are in the middle of the grey are but the somatic are anterior and posterior

56
Q

The Rexed laminae comprise a system of

depending upon

A

ten layers of gray matter

dimension, shape, cellular characteristics, density of neurons

57
Q

Cell groups in POSTERİOR HORN

A 
(Post) Marginal nucleus (I) 
Substantia gelatinosa (II) 
Nucleus proprius (III and IV)
V
Vl
58
Q

Functions of Substantia gelatinosa (II)

A

Receive afferent fibers concerned with pain, temperature, light touch and pressure

59
Q

Functions of Nucleus proprius

III and IV

A

Proprioception, discrimination and vibrasyon

60
Q

Functions of V lamina

A

Pain and temperature from viscera

61
Q

Functions of VI lamina

A

Proprioceptive senses Limb reflexes

62
Q

Post marginal nucleus is which lamina

A

I

63
Q

Substantia gelatinosa is which lamina

A

II

64
Q

Nucleus proprius is which lamina

A

III & IV

65
Q

Cell groups in intermediate zone

A

Clarke’s column
Intermediomedial nucleus
Intermediolateral nucleus

66
Q

Clarkes column is what abbreviation, spinal cord segments and what lamina

A

DNC
C8 – L2,4
VII

67
Q

Clarke’s column functions

A
  • Unconscious proprioception from muscle spindles of Golgi tendon organ
  • The origin of posterior spinocerebellar tract
68
Q

What is the origin of posterior spinocerebellar tract

A

Clarkes column

69
Q

Intermediomedial nucleus is found in what spinal cord segments

A

S2-4

70
Q

Intermediomedial nucleus functions

A

Preganglionic parasymphathetic Nerve Intermediate cells related with autonomic reflexes against somatic stimuli.

71
Q

Intermediolateral nucleus is found in what segments of spinal cord

A

(T1-L2)

72
Q

Intermediolateral nucleus function

A

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve cells

73
Q

Lamina VIII functions

A 
Cell bodies that are relayed stations for the subcortical tracts 
 Rubrospinal
 Vestibulospinal
 Reticulospinal
 Tectospinal
74
Q

Cell groups in ANTERIOR HORN are evaluated in three

groups as

A

as medial, central and lateral

75
Q

Medial group of ANTERIOR HORN function

A

responsible from the innervation of skeletal muscles of neck, and trunk (including intercostal and abdomina muscles)

76
Q

Central group of ANTERIOR HORN parts

A

Phrenic nucleus
Accessory nucleus
Lumbosacral nucleus

77
Q

Functions of Phrenic nucleus

A

Innervates diaphragm(C3,4,5)

78
Q

Accessory nucleus function

A

Innervates SCM and trapezius muscle

79
Q

Accessory nucleus is in what spinal cord segment

A

(C1- C5,6)

80
Q

Lumbosacral nucleus is in what spinal cord segment

A

L2 and down

81
Q

Lateral group of ANTERIOR HORN is in what spinal cord segments

A

cervical (C5-T1) and lumbosacral (L2-S2) segments of the cord

82
Q

Lateral group of anterior horn function

A

responsible for innervating the skeletal muscles of the limbs

83
Q

Lamina X is where axons

A

cross over from one side of the spinal cord to the other

84
Q

Neurons supplying flexor muscles are located …. to neurons for extensor muscles

A

Dorsal

Neuroscience (23 decks)

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