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Neuroscience > Histo Labs > Flashcards

Histo Labs Flashcards

1
Q

BRAIN layers roman numerals

I

A

I-Horizontal cells of Cajal

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2
Q

BRAIN layers roman numerals

Il

A

Granular cells and small pyramidal cells

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3
Q

BRAIN layers roman numerals

Ill

A

Medium-sized pyramidal cells

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4
Q

BRAIN layers roman numerals

IV

A

IV-Small granule cells and small pyramidal cells

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5
Q

BRAIN layers roman numerals

V

A

The largest pyramidal cells (Betz cells)

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6
Q

BRAIN layers roman numerals

Vl

A

VI-Fusiform cells, granule cells, stellate cells, and cells of Martinotti

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7
Q

Largest pyramid cells

A

Betz cells

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8
Q

Blood that is selectively filtered through the cells of the choroids plexus forms

A

CSF

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9
Q

CSF is

A

clear, colorless fluid with Na+, K+, and Cl− ions that are needed for neuronal functions

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10
Q

The CSF circulates through

A

the ventricles and around the outer surfaces of the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space and in the central canal of the spinal cord.

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11
Q

The cerebellar cortex exhibits numerous deeply convoluted folds called

A

cerebellar folia

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12
Q

The cerebellar folia (6) are covered by the thin connective tissue,

A

the pia mater

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13
Q

The wall of the eye consists of three concentric layers or coats

A

The retina, the inner layer;
the uvea, the middle or vascular layer;
the corneosclera, the outer fibrous layer.

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14
Q

In the eye, the …. &……. concentrate and focus light on the retina.

A

cornea and lens

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15
Q

The iris, located and functions

A

between the cornea and lens,

regulates the size of the pupil through which light enters the eye.

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16
Q

Photoreceptors location

A

retina

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17
Q

Photoreceptors functions

A

detect the intensity and color of the light that reaches them and encode the various parameters for transmission to the brain via the optic nerve (cranial nerve II).

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18
Q

Intensity

Color

A

Rods

Cons

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19
Q

The uvea, the middle layer of the eyeball, consists of

A

choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.

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20
Q

The choroid is a

A

vascular layer

21
Q

Anterior to the ora serrata, the uvea is…. which creates

A

thickened

ciliary body

22
Q

ciliary muscle location and functions

A

ciliary body

brings about adjustments of the lens to focus light.

23
Q

The ciliary body also contains processes to which the …… fibers are attached

A

zonular

24
Q

zonular fibers function

A

suspensory ligaments of the lens (L)

25
Q

the most anterior component of the uvea

A

The iris

26
Q

The iris contains a central opening

A

the pupil.

27
Q

Smooth muscle fibers form a circular bundle near the pupil as the

A

sphincter pupillae muscle.

28
Q

The dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris have

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation, respectively,

29
Q

Purpose of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation,

A

enlarging and constricting the pupil.

30
Q

Suprachoroid lamina (SCL) contains

A

less collagen, more fibroblasts, elastic fibers, and melanocytes.

31
Q

The inner choroidocapillary lamina has

A

rich microvasculature important for nutrition of the outer retinal layers.

32
Q

•Bruch membrane

A

thin extracellular sheet, is composed of collagen and elastic fibers surrounding the adjacent microvasculature and basal lamina of the retina’s pigmented layer

33
Q

Laminas of choroid

A 
Suprachoroid lamina (SCL)
choroidocapillary lamina (CCL)
Bruch membrane, (B)
34
Q

RETINA layers

A

outer nuclear layer (ONL
inner nuclear layer (INL
ganglionic layer (GL

35
Q

outer nuclear layer (ONL) contains

A

cell bodies of photoreceptors (the rod and cone cells)

36
Q

cell bodies of photoreceptors (the rod and cone cells) functions

A

These cells receive O2 and nutrients by diffusion from the choroidocapillary lamina of the choroid.

37
Q

inner nuclear layer (INL) contains

A

s the nuclei of various neurons, notably the bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and horizontal cells,

38
Q

the nuclei of various neurons, notably the bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and horizontal cells, functions

A

make specific connections with other neurons and integrate signals from rods and cones over a wide area of the retina.

39
Q

The ganglionic layer (GL) has

A

neurons (ganglion cells) with much longer axons.

40
Q

These axons of GL make up

A

nerve fiber layer (NFL) and converge to form the optic nerve, which leaves the eye and passes to the brain.

41
Q

Between the three layers with cell nuclei are

A

two fibrous or “plexiform” regions containing only axons and dendrites connected by synapses

42
Q

The outer plexiform layer (OPL) includes axons of

A

axons of the photoreceptors and dendrites of association neurons in the INL.

43
Q

inner plexiform layer (IPL) consists of

A

axons and dendrites connecting neurons of the INL with the ganglion cells.

44
Q

Inner plexiform layer contains

A

axodendritic synapses between the axons of bipolar cells and the dendrites of ganglion cells. The processes of amacrine cells are also located in this layer.

45
Q

The outer plexiform layer contains

A

axodendritic synapses between the axons of photoreceptor cells and the dendrites of bipolar and horizontal cells

46
Q

The rod and cone layer (RCL), which contains t

A

the outer segments of these cells where the photoreceptors are located and their axons in OPL.

47
Q

The inner limiting membrane (ILM),

A

, a basement membrane covered by expanded processes of Müller cells,

48
Q

outer limiting layer (OLL), a

A

line formed by junctional complexes holding the rod and cone cells to the intervening Müller cells.

49
Q

Posteriorly, the sclera is pierced by

A

the emerging optic nerve (ON).

Neuroscience (23 decks)

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