Histo Labs Flashcards
BRAIN layers roman numerals
I
I-Horizontal cells of Cajal
BRAIN layers roman numerals
Il
Granular cells and small pyramidal cells
BRAIN layers roman numerals
Ill
Medium-sized pyramidal cells
BRAIN layers roman numerals
IV
IV-Small granule cells and small pyramidal cells
BRAIN layers roman numerals
V
The largest pyramidal cells (Betz cells)
BRAIN layers roman numerals
Vl
VI-Fusiform cells, granule cells, stellate cells, and cells of Martinotti
Largest pyramid cells
Betz cells
Blood that is selectively filtered through the cells of the choroids plexus forms
CSF
CSF is
clear, colorless fluid with Na+, K+, and Cl− ions that are needed for neuronal functions
The CSF circulates through
the ventricles and around the outer surfaces of the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space and in the central canal of the spinal cord.
The cerebellar cortex exhibits numerous deeply convoluted folds called
cerebellar folia
The cerebellar folia (6) are covered by the thin connective tissue,
the pia mater
The wall of the eye consists of three concentric layers or coats
The retina, the inner layer;
the uvea, the middle or vascular layer;
the corneosclera, the outer fibrous layer.
In the eye, the …. &……. concentrate and focus light on the retina.
cornea and lens
The iris, located and functions
between the cornea and lens,
regulates the size of the pupil through which light enters the eye.
Photoreceptors location
retina
Photoreceptors functions
detect the intensity and color of the light that reaches them and encode the various parameters for transmission to the brain via the optic nerve (cranial nerve II).
Intensity
Color
Rods
Cons
The uvea, the middle layer of the eyeball, consists of
choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.
The choroid is a
vascular layer
Anterior to the ora serrata, the uvea is…. which creates
thickened
ciliary body
ciliary muscle location and functions
ciliary body
brings about adjustments of the lens to focus light.
The ciliary body also contains processes to which the …… fibers are attached
zonular
zonular fibers function
suspensory ligaments of the lens (L)
the most anterior component of the uvea
The iris
The iris contains a central opening
the pupil.
Smooth muscle fibers form a circular bundle near the pupil as the
sphincter pupillae muscle.
The dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris have
sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation, respectively,
Purpose of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation,
enlarging and constricting the pupil.
Suprachoroid lamina (SCL) contains
less collagen, more fibroblasts, elastic fibers, and melanocytes.
The inner choroidocapillary lamina has
rich microvasculature important for nutrition of the outer retinal layers.
•Bruch membrane
thin extracellular sheet, is composed of collagen and elastic fibers surrounding the adjacent microvasculature and basal lamina of the retina’s pigmented layer
Laminas of choroid
Suprachoroid lamina (SCL) choroidocapillary lamina (CCL) Bruch membrane, (B)
RETINA layers
outer nuclear layer (ONL
inner nuclear layer (INL
ganglionic layer (GL
outer nuclear layer (ONL) contains
cell bodies of photoreceptors (the rod and cone cells)
cell bodies of photoreceptors (the rod and cone cells) functions
These cells receive O2 and nutrients by diffusion from the choroidocapillary lamina of the choroid.
inner nuclear layer (INL) contains
s the nuclei of various neurons, notably the bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and horizontal cells,
the nuclei of various neurons, notably the bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and horizontal cells, functions
make specific connections with other neurons and integrate signals from rods and cones over a wide area of the retina.
The ganglionic layer (GL) has
neurons (ganglion cells) with much longer axons.
These axons of GL make up
nerve fiber layer (NFL) and converge to form the optic nerve, which leaves the eye and passes to the brain.
Between the three layers with cell nuclei are
two fibrous or “plexiform” regions containing only axons and dendrites connected by synapses
The outer plexiform layer (OPL) includes axons of
axons of the photoreceptors and dendrites of association neurons in the INL.
inner plexiform layer (IPL) consists of
axons and dendrites connecting neurons of the INL with the ganglion cells.
Inner plexiform layer contains
axodendritic synapses between the axons of bipolar cells and the dendrites of ganglion cells. The processes of amacrine cells are also located in this layer.
The outer plexiform layer contains
axodendritic synapses between the axons of photoreceptor cells and the dendrites of bipolar and horizontal cells
The rod and cone layer (RCL), which contains t
the outer segments of these cells where the photoreceptors are located and their axons in OPL.
The inner limiting membrane (ILM),
, a basement membrane covered by expanded processes of Müller cells,
outer limiting layer (OLL), a
line formed by junctional complexes holding the rod and cone cells to the intervening Müller cells.
Posteriorly, the sclera is pierced by
the emerging optic nerve (ON).
