Spinal Cord and Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

how many vertebrae do we have

Answer 1

33

Question 2

how many moveable vertebrae do we have

Answer 2

24

Question 3

where are the nerve roots and blood vessels found in near the spinal cord

Answer 3

between the arachnoid and pia mater

Question 4

how many layers of dura are in the brain

Answer 4

2

Question 5

how many layers of dura are in the spinal cord

Answer 5

1

Question 6

what surrounds the dura in the intervertebral space and what’s the clinical importance

Answer 6

epidural fat
site of epidural anaesthetic

Question 7

what are the ventricular ligaments and what is their function

Answer 7

extensions of pia mater which stabilise nerve roots

Question 8

what are the vental and dorsal ramus and where are they found

Answer 8

ventral ramus - anterior division of mixed spinal nerve
dorsal ramus - posterior division of mixed spinal nerve

Question 9

what type of info does ventral and dorsal ramus carry

Answer 9

both carry mixed sensory and motor info

Question 10

what nerve collection supplies the back muscles

Answer 10

dorsal ramus

Question 11

what surrounds an axon and its supporting cells

Answer 11

neurolemma

Question 12

how many axons can a schwann cell myelinate

Answer 12

one

Question 13

what part of the nervous system are schwann cells found

Answer 13

PNS

Question 14

what’s the CNS alternative to schwann cells

Answer 14

oligodendrocytes

Question 15

how many axons can an oligodendrocyte myelinate

Answer 15

several

Question 16

what are the layers of connective tissue surrounding the different layers of a nerve

Answer 16

neuron surrounded by endoneurium
collection of neurons surrounded by perineurium
whole nerve is surrounded by epineurium

Question 17

are unmylenated neurons found near schwann cells

Answer 17

yes they can pass through schwann cells but not be myelinated

Question 18

where do cranial nerves originate and emerge from

Answer 18

brain stem
cranial foramina

Question 19

what is the function of nerve plexuses

Answer 19

allows info to reach multiple spinal levels

Question 20

what nerve roots make up the cervical plexus

Answer 20

C1-C4

Question 21

what are the four nerve plexuses

Answer 21

cervical
brachial
lumbar
sacral

Question 22

what nerve roots make up the brachial plexus

Answer 22

C5 - T1

Question 23

what nerve roots make up the lumbar plexus

Answer 23

T12-L5

Question 24

what nerve roots make up the sacral plexus

Answer 24

L4-S4

Question 25

what nerve roots supply the skin of the anterior arm

Answer 25

C3-T2
from shoulder down radial side and back up ulnar side

Question 26

what type of info is blood pressure monitoring or bladder distension

Answer 26

sensory visceral

Question 27

what type of info is the control of gut peristalsis or saliva secretion

Answer 27

motor visceral

Question 28

which nerves are parasympathetic

Answer 28

craniosacral
(CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10
sacral nerves)

Question 29

which cranial nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, stomach, liver, adrenal gland, kidneys and midgut

Answer 29

vagus (CN10)

Question 30

what are the options for a sympathetic neuron when it enters the sympathetic ganglion

Answer 30

exit as splanchnic nerve
travel up or down sympathetic chain
reenter the spinal nerve

Question 31

where do sympathetic nerves synapse with their second order neuron

Answer 31

sympathetic ganglion

Question 32

where do sympathetic neurons travel to get to the sympathetic ganglion

Answer 32

white ramus communicantes

Question 33

where do sympathetic neurons travel to get from the sympathetic ganglion to return to the spinal nerve

Answer 33

grey ramus communicantes

Question 34

which spinal nerve roots carry sympathetic info

Answer 34

T1-L2