Spinal Cord and Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
how many vertebrae do we have
33
how many moveable vertebrae do we have
24
where are the nerve roots and blood vessels found in near the spinal cord
between the arachnoid and pia mater
how many layers of dura are in the brain
2
how many layers of dura are in the spinal cord
1
what surrounds the dura in the intervertebral space and what’s the clinical importance
epidural fat
site of epidural anaesthetic
what are the ventricular ligaments and what is their function
extensions of pia mater which stabilise nerve roots
what are the vental and dorsal ramus and where are they found
ventral ramus - anterior division of mixed spinal nerve
dorsal ramus - posterior division of mixed spinal nerve
what type of info does ventral and dorsal ramus carry
both carry mixed sensory and motor info
what nerve collection supplies the back muscles
dorsal ramus
what surrounds an axon and its supporting cells
neurolemma
how many axons can a schwann cell myelinate
one
what part of the nervous system are schwann cells found
PNS
what’s the CNS alternative to schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
how many axons can an oligodendrocyte myelinate
several
what are the layers of connective tissue surrounding the different layers of a nerve
neuron surrounded by endoneurium
collection of neurons surrounded by perineurium
whole nerve is surrounded by epineurium
are unmylenated neurons found near schwann cells
yes they can pass through schwann cells but not be myelinated
where do cranial nerves originate and emerge from
brain stem
cranial foramina
what is the function of nerve plexuses
allows info to reach multiple spinal levels
what nerve roots make up the cervical plexus
C1-C4
what are the four nerve plexuses
cervical
brachial
lumbar
sacral
what nerve roots make up the brachial plexus
C5 - T1
what nerve roots make up the lumbar plexus
T12-L5
what nerve roots make up the sacral plexus
L4-S4
what nerve roots supply the skin of the anterior arm
C3-T2
from shoulder down radial side and back up ulnar side
what type of info is blood pressure monitoring or bladder distension
sensory visceral
what type of info is the control of gut peristalsis or saliva secretion
motor visceral
which nerves are parasympathetic
craniosacral
(CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10
sacral nerves)
which cranial nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, stomach, liver, adrenal gland, kidneys and midgut
vagus (CN10)
what are the options for a sympathetic neuron when it enters the sympathetic ganglion
exit as splanchnic nerve
travel up or down sympathetic chain
reenter the spinal nerve
where do sympathetic nerves synapse with their second order neuron
sympathetic ganglion
where do sympathetic neurons travel to get to the sympathetic ganglion
white ramus communicantes
where do sympathetic neurons travel to get from the sympathetic ganglion to return to the spinal nerve
grey ramus communicantes
which spinal nerve roots carry sympathetic info
T1-L2
