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Anatomy > Accessory Organs of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Accessory Organs of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

does the liver move up or down when you breathe in

A

down

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2
Q

is liver intra or retroperitoneal

A

intra

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3
Q

what are the ligaments of the liver

A

falciform ligament
round ligament
coronary ligament (only on right lobe)
triangular ligaments (right and left)
hepato-gastric ligament (lesser omentum)
hepatoduodenal ligament (lesser omentum)

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4
Q

where does the falciform ligament attach

A

to the anterior abdominal wall

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5
Q

where is the round ligament of the liver

A

the free edge of the falciform ligament inferior to the liver

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6
Q

what potential spaces is found above the liver

A

subphrenic recess

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7
Q

what limits the subphrenic recess

A

anterior layer of coronary ligament

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8
Q

what spaces are found inferior to the liver

A

subhepatic space
hepatorenal recess

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9
Q

what limits the hepatorenal recess

A

posterior layer of the coronary ligament

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10
Q

where is the bare area of the liver

A

of the posterior side of the liver between the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligament

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11
Q

how many topographical lobes are there in the liver

A

4

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12
Q

what are the four lobes of the liver

A

right
left
caudate
quadrat

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13
Q

what are the four lobes of the liver

A

right
left
caudate
quadrate

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14
Q

where is caudate lobe

A

seen on posterior and inferior surface of liver

next to IVC (c for caudate)

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15
Q

where is the quadrate lobe of the liver

A

seen on anterior and inferior surface of liver

next to gallbladder

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16
Q

what 4 important impressions are seen on the posterior of the liver

A

gastric
oesophageal
colic (hepatic flexure)
renal (right kidney)

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17
Q

where is the the oesophageal impression on the liver

A

between IVC and gastric impression

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18
Q

what is the bare area of the liver in direct contact with

A

diaphragm

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19
Q

what % of blood is from portal vein and what % is hepatic artery

A

portal - 75-80%

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20
Q

what artery supplies the gallbladder

A

cystic artery

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21
Q

what enters and exits the liver at the porta hepatis

A

right and left hepatic ducts

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22
Q

describe nerve supply to liver

A

autonomic nerves supply liver froms the coeliac plexus
this includes sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres

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23
Q

what cranial nerve gives parasympathetic supply to the liver

A

vagus

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24
Q

what ligament is the portal triad found within

A

hepatoduodenal ligament
(free edge of the lesser omentum)

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25
Q

what veins form portal vein

A

splenic and superior mesenteric

(superior mesenteric is formed of branches from colon, jejenum, ileum and gets blood from duodenum)

(the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic)

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26
Q

what nerves supply sympathetic input to the liver

A

thoracic and splanchnic nerves

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27
Q

what are the four anatomical parts of the gallbladder

A

fundus
body
infundibulum
neck

28
Q

what joins the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct and what does this form

A

cystic duct

cystic duct + common hepatic duct = bile duct

29
Q

function of gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile made by liver
secretes bile into bile duct

30
Q

where does the bile duct drain

A

the 2nd part of duodenum
major duodenal papilla

31
Q

what keeps the neck of the gallbaldder/cystic duct open

A

spiral valve

32
Q

where does the bile duct end

A

the hepatopancreatic ampulla
a dilation of the distal end of the duct where it joins the main pancreatic duct

33
Q

what plane does the head of the pancreas lie in and what vertebral level is this

A

transpyloric plane
L1

34
Q

what is the hook shaped part of the pancreas

A

uncinate process

35
Q

what duct runs the length of the pancreas

A

major pancreatic duct

36
Q

which drains into duodenum first - accessory or main pancreatic duct

A

accessory

37
Q

what is found and what isn’t found in the pancreatic duct

A

pancreatic juices (digestive enzymes)

hormones are not, they are released directly into the blood

38
Q

where are the superior mesenteric vein and artery found in relation to the pancreas

A

they pop through between the neck and uncinate process

39
Q

what aorta branches supply the pancreas

A

coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric

40
Q

describe blood supply to the head of the pancreas

A

coeliac trunk → gastroduodenal → pancreaticoduodenal branches

superior mesenteric

41
Q

describe blood supply to neck, body and tail of pancreas

A

branches of the splenic artery

42
Q

describe venous drainage to the pancreas

A

drains into splenic and superior mesenteric which join to form hepatic portal vein

43
Q

nerve supply to pancreas

A

same as liver

autonomic nerves from coeliac plexus

sympathetic input from thoracic and splanchnic nerves
parasympathetic input from vagus nerve

44
Q

how are exocrine cells arranged in pancreas

A

subdivided into lobules by connective tissue septa
each acinus is composed of several cells
pale cells in centre of acinus are called centroacinar cells

45
Q

what forms the smallest unit of the pancreatic duct system

A

centroacinar cells

46
Q

what shape are the nuclei of pancreatic acinar cells

A

round

47
Q

how are islets of langerhans supplied with blood

A

rich capillaries are scattered through

48
Q

what shape is the anterior surface of the spleen

A

concave

49
Q

what may happen if lower left ribs are fractured

A

rupture of the spleen

50
Q

what are the four ligaments of the spleen

A

gastrosplenic
phrenicosplenic
splenorenal
splenocolic

51
Q

what is found within the splenorenal ligament

A

branches of the splenic vessels and the tail of the pancreas

52
Q

is the pancreas intra or retro peritoneal

A

all retro
except the tail which is within the splenorenal ligament

53
Q

what is found within the gastrosplenic ligment

A

short gastric and left gastro-omental vessels

54
Q

what 3 impressions are seen on the spleen and their positions

A

gastric impression - anterior and to left of hilum
renal impression - medial surface and to right of hilum
colic impression - inferior to hilum

55
Q

where on the spleen does the tail of the pancreas sit

A

inferior to renal impression
inferior to splenic vein and artery

56
Q

what is a feaure of the anterolateral surface of the spleen

A

notches

57
Q

blood supply to spleen

A

splenic artery only
no collateral arteries

58
Q

nerve innervation to spleen

A

splenic plexus which is derived from the coeliac plexus

59
Q

features of spleen microanatomy

A

trabeculae
white pulp
red pulp
veins
arteries

60
Q

in histology is white or red pulp darker

A

white

61
Q

describe arrangement of white and red pulp in spleen

A

white - in nodules/circles
red - fills rest of space

62
Q

what surrounds the spleen and what is derived from this

A

fibrous capsule
trabeculae extend inwards from this

63
Q

what is red pulp

A

the dispose of worn out blood cells

64
Q

what are splenic sinusoids

A

blood sinusoids that arise from the distla branches of centrsl arterise outsid eof the white pulp

65
Q

what do splenic cords consist of

A

reticular connective tissue that is exceptionally rich in macrophages

Anatomy (10 decks)

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