Accessory Organs of the GI Tract Flashcards
does the liver move up or down when you breathe in
down
is liver intra or retroperitoneal
intra
what are the ligaments of the liver
falciform ligament
round ligament
coronary ligament (only on right lobe)
triangular ligaments (right and left)
hepato-gastric ligament (lesser omentum)
hepatoduodenal ligament (lesser omentum)
where does the falciform ligament attach
to the anterior abdominal wall
where is the round ligament of the liver
the free edge of the falciform ligament inferior to the liver
what potential spaces is found above the liver
subphrenic recess
what limits the subphrenic recess
anterior layer of coronary ligament
what spaces are found inferior to the liver
subhepatic space
hepatorenal recess
what limits the hepatorenal recess
posterior layer of the coronary ligament
where is the bare area of the liver
of the posterior side of the liver between the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligament
how many topographical lobes are there in the liver
4
what are the four lobes of the liver
right
left
caudate
quadrat
what are the four lobes of the liver
right
left
caudate
quadrate
where is caudate lobe
seen on posterior and inferior surface of liver
next to IVC (c for caudate)
where is the quadrate lobe of the liver
seen on anterior and inferior surface of liver
next to gallbladder
what 4 important impressions are seen on the posterior of the liver
gastric
oesophageal
colic (hepatic flexure)
renal (right kidney)
where is the the oesophageal impression on the liver
between IVC and gastric impression
what is the bare area of the liver in direct contact with
diaphragm
what % of blood is from portal vein and what % is hepatic artery
portal - 75-80%
what artery supplies the gallbladder
cystic artery
what enters and exits the liver at the porta hepatis
right and left hepatic ducts
describe nerve supply to liver
autonomic nerves supply liver froms the coeliac plexus
this includes sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres
what cranial nerve gives parasympathetic supply to the liver
vagus
what ligament is the portal triad found within
hepatoduodenal ligament
(free edge of the lesser omentum)
what veins form portal vein
splenic and superior mesenteric
(superior mesenteric is formed of branches from colon, jejenum, ileum and gets blood from duodenum)
(the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic)
what nerves supply sympathetic input to the liver
thoracic and splanchnic nerves
what are the four anatomical parts of the gallbladder
fundus
body
infundibulum
neck
what joins the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct and what does this form
cystic duct
cystic duct + common hepatic duct = bile duct
function of gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile made by liver
secretes bile into bile duct
where does the bile duct drain
the 2nd part of duodenum
major duodenal papilla
what keeps the neck of the gallbaldder/cystic duct open
spiral valve
where does the bile duct end
the hepatopancreatic ampulla
a dilation of the distal end of the duct where it joins the main pancreatic duct
what plane does the head of the pancreas lie in and what vertebral level is this
transpyloric plane
L1
what is the hook shaped part of the pancreas
uncinate process
what duct runs the length of the pancreas
major pancreatic duct
which drains into duodenum first - accessory or main pancreatic duct
accessory
what is found and what isn’t found in the pancreatic duct
pancreatic juices (digestive enzymes)
hormones are not, they are released directly into the blood
where are the superior mesenteric vein and artery found in relation to the pancreas
they pop through between the neck and uncinate process
what aorta branches supply the pancreas
coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric
describe blood supply to the head of the pancreas
coeliac trunk → gastroduodenal → pancreaticoduodenal branches
superior mesenteric
describe blood supply to neck, body and tail of pancreas
branches of the splenic artery
describe venous drainage to the pancreas
drains into splenic and superior mesenteric which join to form hepatic portal vein
nerve supply to pancreas
same as liver
autonomic nerves from coeliac plexus
sympathetic input from thoracic and splanchnic nerves
parasympathetic input from vagus nerve
how are exocrine cells arranged in pancreas
subdivided into lobules by connective tissue septa
each acinus is composed of several cells
pale cells in centre of acinus are called centroacinar cells
what forms the smallest unit of the pancreatic duct system
centroacinar cells
what shape are the nuclei of pancreatic acinar cells
round
how are islets of langerhans supplied with blood
rich capillaries are scattered through
what shape is the anterior surface of the spleen
concave
what may happen if lower left ribs are fractured
rupture of the spleen
what are the four ligaments of the spleen
gastrosplenic
phrenicosplenic
splenorenal
splenocolic
what is found within the splenorenal ligament
branches of the splenic vessels and the tail of the pancreas
is the pancreas intra or retro peritoneal
all retro
except the tail which is within the splenorenal ligament
what is found within the gastrosplenic ligment
short gastric and left gastro-omental vessels
what 3 impressions are seen on the spleen and their positions
gastric impression - anterior and to left of hilum
renal impression - medial surface and to right of hilum
colic impression - inferior to hilum
where on the spleen does the tail of the pancreas sit
inferior to renal impression
inferior to splenic vein and artery
what is a feaure of the anterolateral surface of the spleen
notches
blood supply to spleen
splenic artery only
no collateral arteries
nerve innervation to spleen
splenic plexus which is derived from the coeliac plexus
features of spleen microanatomy
trabeculae
white pulp
red pulp
veins
arteries
in histology is white or red pulp darker
white
describe arrangement of white and red pulp in spleen
white - in nodules/circles
red - fills rest of space
what surrounds the spleen and what is derived from this
fibrous capsule
trabeculae extend inwards from this
what is red pulp
the dispose of worn out blood cells
what are splenic sinusoids
blood sinusoids that arise from the distla branches of centrsl arterise outsid eof the white pulp
what do splenic cords consist of
reticular connective tissue that is exceptionally rich in macrophages
