Spinal cord

Question 1

Most common type of vertebral column injury

Answer 1

fracture-dislocation

Question 2

Most common level of most vertebral injuries?

Answer 2

1st and 2nd cervical, 4th to 6th cervical, 11th thoracic to 2nd lumbar

Question 3

T/F: The spinal cord ends at the first lumbar vertebra, usually at its rostral border.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: In all cases of spinal cord and cauda equine injury, the prognosis for recovery is more favourable if any movement or sensation is elicited during the first 48-72 hours.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Earliest tissue alteration in acute spinal cord injury

Answer 5

hyperemia and small haemorrhages in the central gray matter

Question 6

Type of radiation myelopathy characterised mainly by spontaneous uncomfortable sensations in the extremities appearing 3-6 months after RT.

Answer 6

Early type radiation myelopathy

Question 7

Maximum daily fraction of radiation to avoid injury

Answer 7

200 cGy (weekly <900 cGy)

Question 8

The most characteristic finding is a multifocal-subpial nodular enhancement of the meninges adjacent to a lesion within the cord or nerve roots resembling neoplastic meningeal infiltration

Answer 8

Sarcoid myelitis

Question 9

Most frequent etiologic agent of spinal epidural abscess

Answer 9

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 10

Most common implicated organisms in post-surgical bacterial osteomyelitis?

Answer 10

Coagulase-negative staphylococci and propionibacterium

Question 11

Region most commonly affected in vertebral bacterial osteomyelitis?

Answer 11

Lumbar spine

Question 12

Broad-spectrum antibiotic approach in vertebral osteomyelitis

Answer 12

Oral fluoroquinolone with or without rifampin for at least 4-6 weeks

Question 13

T/F: As a general rule, acute spinal MS is relatively painless and without fever and the patient usually improves with variable residual signs

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The presence of this antibody differentiates Devic disease from other forms of MS

Answer 14

IgG antibody

Question 15

Antibody associated with some of the cases of lupus nephritis

Answer 15

Antiphospholipid antibody

Question 16

Part of the spinal cord mainly affected by Caisson disease?

Answer 16

Upper thoracic spinal cord

Question 17

Most frequently observed myelopathy in general practice

Answer 17

Spondylitic Myelopathy

Question 18

Most common complication of ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 18

Spinal stenosis and cauda equina syndrome

Question 19

A typical feature is the absence or severe hypoplasia of the odontoid process

Answer 19

Mucopolysaccharidosis IV or Morquio syndrome

Question 20

A condition where there is fusion of the upper cervical vertebrae or of the atlas of the occiput

Answer 20

Klippel-Feil syndrome

Question 21

Mutation associated with Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis

Answer 21

mutation in CYP27A

Question 22

The only neurologic abnormality in Homocystinuria

Answer 22

mental retardation

Question 23

Flattening of the base of the skull where the angle formed by the intersection of the plane of the cloves and the plane of the anterior fossa is greater than 135 degrees

Answer 23

Platybasia

Question 24

Most common presenting complaint of copper deficiency myelopathy

Answer 24

Imbalance

Question 25

Most common intramedullary tumor if one excludes tutors arising from the film terminale

Answer 25

Astrocytoma

Question 26

condition characterised by xanthochromia and clotting of CSF from greatly elevated protein content

Answer 26

Froin syndrome

Question 27

Type of syringomyelia associated with intramedullary tumor

Answer 27

Type III

Question 28

T/F: Spinal shock involves tendons.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The usual duration of spinal shock

Answer 29

1-6 weeks

Question 30

Electrophysiologic responses that reflect the functioning of the motor neurons of the isolated segment of the cord

Answer 30

F-waves

Question 31

Any residual symptoms persisting after this period are likely to be permanent

Answer 31

6 months

Question 32

Watershed segment of the spinal cord

Answer 32

Thoracic

Question 33

Spinal cord tumor frequently associated with acquired type of syringomyelia

Answer 33

Hemangioblastoma

Question 34

Most frequently observed myelopathy in general practice

Answer 34

Spondylitic myelopathy

Question 35

Rheumatologic condition leading to inflammation and intense calcification of the ligamentous insertions.

Answer 35

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 36

Most common complication of ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 36

Spinal stenosis and cauda equina syndrome

Question 37

A special form of acute cervical cord injury resulting in the loss of motor function solely or more severely in the upper limbs than in the lower ones.

Answer 37

Central cord (Scheider) syndrome

Question 38

Shows a characteristic rarefaction and atrophy of corticospinal tracts because of neuronal loss

Answer 38

Primary lateral sclerosis

Question 39

Most common mutation in inherited ALS

Answer 39

Mutation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)

Question 40

Mediates reflex postural movements in response to visual, and perhaps, auditory stimuli.

Answer 40

Tectospinal tract

Question 41

Most common intramedullary spinal cord tumor outside the filum terminale

Answer 41

Astrocytoma