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Adams Principles of Neurology > Brain Tumors > Flashcards

Brain Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

most common form of glioma

A

astrocytic tumor

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2
Q

GBM are set apart from anaplastic astrocytoma on the basis of

A

necrosis, anaplasia of non-neural elements, later age of onset, rapid course

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3
Q

It is a tumor-like formation that has its basis in maldevelopment; it is not a true neoplasm

A

hamartoma

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4
Q

Progression to a more malignant grade of astrocytoma or to a glioblastoma may be triggered by?

A

1) defects in the p16-retinoblastoma gene signaling pathway
2) loss of chromosome 10
3) overexpression of the epidermal growth factor gene

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5
Q

most vulnerable to vasogenic edema

A

white matter

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6
Q

It has been the most common initial manifestation of primary and metastatic neoplasm

A

seizure

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7
Q

variegated appearance, hypercellularity with pleomorphism

A

Glioblastoma

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8
Q

Characteristic gene in older patients with tumors that begin entirely as glioblastomas

A

EGFR gene

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9
Q

Stupp protocol

A

Temozolomide 75 mg/m2 concurrently with RT and, after a hiatus of 4 weeks, given for 5 days every 28 days for 6 cycles

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10
Q

Favored sites of occurrence of anaplastic astrocytoma

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, optic nerve, optic nerve and chiasm, pons

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11
Q

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

A

Astrocytoma

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12
Q

This neoplasm has a small round nucleus and a halo of unstained cytoplasm

A

Oligodendroglioma

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13
Q

Characterised by one or more streaks of calcium but with little or no surrounding edema

A

Oligodendroglioma

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14
Q

Silver carbonate stains

A

Oligodendroglioma

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15
Q

Most common glioma of the spinal cord

A

Ependymoma

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16
Q

The most common site cerebral site of ependymoma

A

fourth ventricle

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17
Q

Most frequent acquired genetic defect of meningioma

A

Neurofibromatosis 2 gene on chromosome 22q

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18
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningioma

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19
Q

Most common form of meningioma

A

Meningothelial/Syncytial

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20
Q

tumor attributed to the reticulum cell forming a pinkish, gray, soft, ill-defined infiltrative mass

A

Primary CNS Lymphoma

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21
Q

The only treatment found to eradicate Ocular Lymphoma

A

Radiation Therapy

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22
Q

A valveless system of veins that run the length of the vertebral column from the pelvic veins to the large venous sinuses of the skull

A

Batson vertebral venous plexus

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23
Q

Type of leukemia with highest incidence of nervous system involvement

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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24
Q

characterised with apathy, drowsiness, depression of consciousness and behavioural disorder occurring within several days after the last administration of MTX and cranial radiation.

A

Necrotizing Leukoencephalopathy

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25
Q

Most common neurologic complication of all types of lymphoma

A

Extradural compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina

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26
Q

It is a systemic disease with prominent nodular pulmonary lesions, dermal and lymph node changes and in approximately 30% of cases, involvement of the CNS.

A

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis

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27
Q

It is a multifocal neoplasm of large anapaestic monoclonal lymphocytes that infiltrate the walls of blood vessels and surrounding areas

A

Angioblastic or intravascular lymphoma

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28
Q

most common solid tumor of childhood

A

Neuroblastoma

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29
Q

Frequency of occurrence of choroid plexus papilloma

A

lateral>fourth ventricle>third ventricle

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30
Q

This tumor has been described to have the histologic features of medulloblastoma but occur supratentorially

A

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

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31
Q

Tumor most often associated with Von-Hipel-Lindau disease

A

Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma

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32
Q

Most common type of pineal tumor

A

Germinoma

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33
Q

Where is the most common location of arachnoid cysts?

A

overlying the sylvan fissure or temporal pole

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34
Q

Hallmark of Neurofibromatosis Type 2

A

bilateral acoustic neuromas

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35
Q

Gene defect in familial schwannomatosis

A

mutations in the SMARCB1 gene on chromosome 22

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36
Q

Immunoperoxidase stain

A

Pituitary adenoma

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37
Q

T/F: In pituitary adenoma, the longer the duration of amenorrhea and the higher the serum prolactin level, the larger the tumor.

A

True

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38
Q

Rochon-Duvigneau Syndrome

A

III, IV, VI and first division of the V with ophthalmoplegia

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39
Q

Jacod-Rollet Syndrome

A

apex of the orbit

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40
Q

Foix-Jefferson Syndrome

A

Cavernous sinus (same as Rochon-Duvigneau Syndrome)

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41
Q

Gradenigo-Lannois Syndrome

A

V, VI

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42
Q

Vernet Syndrome

A

IX, X, XI nerves with disturbance of deglutition

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43
Q

Collet-Sicard Syndrome

A

IX, X, XI, XII

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44
Q

Villaret Syndrome

A

Collet-Sicard and Horner Syndrome

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45
Q

Garcin Syndrome

A

loss of function of all 12 cranial nerves

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46
Q

The encephalomyelitis associated with carcinoma has been associated with this carcinoma in most of the reported cases?

A

small-cell type carcinoma of the bronchus

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47
Q

anti-Hu

A

paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis

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48
Q

anti-Yo

A

cerebellar degeneration

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49
Q

anti-NR1

A

Anti-NMDA encephalitis

50
Q

anti-glutamate receptor

A

Hodgkin Disease

51
Q

Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome is usually a manifestation of what neoplasm in children?

A

Neuroblastoma

52
Q

Anti-Ri

A

Breast cancer

53
Q

anti-Ma

A

Testicular tumors

54
Q

anti-CRMP-5

A

Paraneoplastic Optic Neuropathy

55
Q

T/F: In approximately 25% of all patients with cancer, the brain or its coverings are involved by neoplasm at some time in the course of the illness.

A

True

56
Q

T/F: only some brain tumors cause papilledema and many others do not.

A

True

57
Q

T/F: A first seizure during adulthood is always suggestive of brain tumor.

A

True

58
Q

T/F: the most common type of low-grade astrocytoma is composed of well-differentiated fibrillary astrocytes.

A

True

59
Q

Most common glioma of the spinal cord

A

Ependymoma

60
Q

Tumor cells present in primary CNS lymphoma

A

B Lymphocytes

61
Q

2nd most common cranial nerve affected by schwanomma.

A

Trigeminal nerve

62
Q

T/F: Headache due to increased ICP in patients with brain tumors abates with recumbency.

A

False

63
Q

Most frequent acquired genetic defect of meningiomas

A

Truncating mutation in the neurofibromatosis 2 gene on chromosome 2q

64
Q

Approximately how many percent of metastasis are in the cerebral hemispheres?

A

80%

65
Q

T/F: Intrathecal and intraventricular chemotherapy are thought to be of value in the treatment of parenchymal metastasis.

A

False

66
Q

In what veins are the earliest evidence of leukemia seen?

A

Pial veins

67
Q

A solid green-colored mass of myelogenous leukemic cells

A

Chloroma

68
Q

Most common neurologic complication of all types of lymphoma

A

Extradural compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina

69
Q

T/F: systemic lymphoma rarely metastasizes to the brain.

A

True

70
Q

Cranial nerve predilection of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Eight nerve

71
Q

T/F: Medulloblasts has been identified in the fetal and adult human brain with medulloblastoma.

A

True

72
Q

Most common solid tumor of childhood

A

Neuroblastoma

73
Q

Paraneoplastic complication associated with neuroblastoma.

A

Polymyoclonus with opsoclonus and ataxia

74
Q

Approximately 70% of ependymoma arises in which ventricle?

A

Fourth ventricle

75
Q

The diagnosis of this tumor can be deduced from the appearance on CT or MRI of a cerebellar cyst containing an enhancing nodular lesion on its wall.

A

Hemangioblastoma

76
Q

Considered as the primary gene defect in familial schwannomatosis

A

SMARCB1 gene mutation

77
Q

T/F: By the time craniopharyngioma has attained a diameter of 3 to 4cm, it is always cystic and partly calcified.

A

True

78
Q

Most often cell seen in pituitary adenoma

A

Chromophobe cell

79
Q

Most helpful procedure in diagnosis and prognosis in brainstem glioma

A

Contrast-enhanced MRI

80
Q

This is a soft, jelly-like, gray-pink growth that arises from the remnants of the primitive notochord.

A

Chordoma

81
Q

Most common associated cancer in limbic encephalitis

A

Carcinoma of the bronchus (small cell type)

82
Q

Syndrome associated in most cases with the anti-Hu antibody

A

Paraneoplastic Sensory Neuronopathy

83
Q

Most specific paraneoplastic syndrome associated with CRMP- antibody

A

Paraneoplastic Optic Neuropathy

84
Q

Most serious radiation complication of RT for brain tumors

A

Late-delayed

85
Q

T/F: unprovoked assaults or outburst of intense rage or blind fury are very unusual.

A

True

86
Q

Lesion characterized by a combination of gelastic seizures and precocious puberty.

A

Hamartoma of the hypothalamus

87
Q

T/F: SUDEP is predominantly an issue of adulthood more than of childhood.

A

True

88
Q

Most common symptomatic cause of Panayiotopoulos syndrome

A

Cortical heterotopia

89
Q

Most common type of reflex epilepsy

A

Visual

90
Q

T/F: A lateral tongue injury is characteristic on an epileptic attack.

A

True

91
Q

Part of the brain most vulnerable to vasogenic edema

A

White matter

92
Q

Only treatment found to eradicate ocular lymphoma

A

Radiation therapy

93
Q

Most common neurologic complication of all types of lymphoma

A

Cauda equina syndrome

94
Q

Approximately how many percent of the four groups of pineal tumors are germinoma

A

50%

95
Q

A 15-yr old with multiple angiomatoses of the retina, renal and pancreas. What brain tumor will likely develop?

A

Hemangioblastoma

96
Q

Most common location of brain metastasis

A

Gray-white junction

97
Q

Most common location of central neurocytoma

A

Foramen of monro (intraventricular)

98
Q

Primary lymphoma that most commonly spreads to the nervous system

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

99
Q

Presents with mirror-image lesions in deep gray matter including the thalamus and basal ganglia

A

Lymphoma

100
Q

Most common tumor of the filum terminale and cauda equina

A

Myxopapillary ependymoma

101
Q

Most common intramedullary spine tumor in children

A

Astrocytoma

102
Q

Columns of spindle-shaped cells with nuclear palisading, characteristically in Antoni A areas in schwanomma.

A

Verocay bodies

103
Q

Most common type of primary neoplasm in patients presenting with brain metastasis with no known primary tumor

A

Non-small cell carcinoma

104
Q

Neoplasm with highest tendency for CNS metastasis

A

Malignant melanoma

105
Q

Any indirect effects of systemic malignancy including vascular disorders, side effects of chemotherapy, metabolic disorder or nutritional deficiency

A

Paraneoplastic syndrome

106
Q

Syndrome of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability

A

Isaac’s syndrome

107
Q

A cerebellar hemisphere occupied with an indistinct mass of “tiger stripe” appearance as a result of alternating layers of dysmorphic cerebellar cells is characteristic of

A

Lhermitte-Duclos disease

108
Q

Group of tumor cells arranged in a circle around a fibrillary center in medulloblastoma

A

Rosettes

109
Q

Refers to a neoplastic infiltration of the subarachnoid space

A

Meningeal carcinomatosis

110
Q

Finding that distinguishes glioblastoma multiforme from lower grade astrocytomas

A

Necrosis

111
Q

Most common intracranial site of germ cell tumors

A

Pineal gland

112
Q

Most common location of pilocytic astrocytoma

A

Cerebellum

113
Q

Most common location of SEGA

A

Wall of the lateral ventricle near the foramen of Monro

114
Q

Pathognomonic microscopic finding in chordoma

A

Physaliphorous cells

115
Q

Characteristically feature well-defined group of cells known as zellballen

A

Paraganglioma

116
Q

Most common location of choroid plexus papilloma in children

A

Lateral ventricle

117
Q

Most common location of choroid plexus papilloma in adults

A

4th ventricle

118
Q

Choroid plexus papilloma is associated to what syndrome?

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

119
Q

Occur in both de novo and secondary GBM

A

LOH at chromosome 10q and loss of PTEN gene

120
Q

Paraneoplastic disorder associated with neuroblastoma

A

Opsoclonus-myoclonus

121
Q

Subgroup of medulloblastoma with the worst prognosis

A

Group 3

Adams Principles of Neurology (19 decks)

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