Brain Tumors

Question 1

most common form of glioma

Answer 1

astrocytic tumor

Question 2

GBM are set apart from anaplastic astrocytoma on the basis of

Answer 2

necrosis, anaplasia of non-neural elements, later age of onset, rapid course

Question 3

It is a tumor-like formation that has its basis in maldevelopment; it is not a true neoplasm

Answer 3

hamartoma

Question 4

Progression to a more malignant grade of astrocytoma or to a glioblastoma may be triggered by?

Answer 4

1) defects in the p16-retinoblastoma gene signaling pathway
2) loss of chromosome 10
3) overexpression of the epidermal growth factor gene

Question 5

most vulnerable to vasogenic edema

Answer 5

white matter

Question 6

It has been the most common initial manifestation of primary and metastatic neoplasm

Answer 6

seizure

Question 7

variegated appearance, hypercellularity with pleomorphism

Answer 7

Glioblastoma

Question 8

Characteristic gene in older patients with tumors that begin entirely as glioblastomas

Answer 8

EGFR gene

Question 9

Stupp protocol

Answer 9

Temozolomide 75 mg/m2 concurrently with RT and, after a hiatus of 4 weeks, given for 5 days every 28 days for 6 cycles

Question 10

Favored sites of occurrence of anaplastic astrocytoma

Answer 10

cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, optic nerve, optic nerve and chiasm, pons

Question 11

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

Answer 11

Astrocytoma

Question 12

This neoplasm has a small round nucleus and a halo of unstained cytoplasm

Answer 12

Oligodendroglioma

Question 13

Characterised by one or more streaks of calcium but with little or no surrounding edema

Answer 13

Oligodendroglioma

Question 14

Silver carbonate stains

Answer 14

Oligodendroglioma

Question 15

Most common glioma of the spinal cord

Answer 15

Ependymoma

Question 16

The most common site cerebral site of ependymoma

Answer 16

fourth ventricle

Question 17

Most frequent acquired genetic defect of meningioma

Answer 17

Neurofibromatosis 2 gene on chromosome 22q

Question 18

Psammoma bodies

Answer 18

Meningioma

Question 19

Most common form of meningioma

Answer 19

Meningothelial/Syncytial

Question 20

tumor attributed to the reticulum cell forming a pinkish, gray, soft, ill-defined infiltrative mass

Answer 20

Primary CNS Lymphoma

Question 21

The only treatment found to eradicate Ocular Lymphoma

Answer 21

Radiation Therapy

Question 22

A valveless system of veins that run the length of the vertebral column from the pelvic veins to the large venous sinuses of the skull

Answer 22

Batson vertebral venous plexus

Question 23

Type of leukemia with highest incidence of nervous system involvement

Answer 23

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Question 24

characterised with apathy, drowsiness, depression of consciousness and behavioural disorder occurring within several days after the last administration of MTX and cranial radiation.

Answer 24

Necrotizing Leukoencephalopathy

Question 25

Most common neurologic complication of all types of lymphoma

Answer 25

Extradural compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina

Question 26

It is a systemic disease with prominent nodular pulmonary lesions, dermal and lymph node changes and in approximately 30% of cases, involvement of the CNS.

Answer 26

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis

Question 27

It is a multifocal neoplasm of large anapaestic monoclonal lymphocytes that infiltrate the walls of blood vessels and surrounding areas

Answer 27

Angioblastic or intravascular lymphoma

Question 28

most common solid tumor of childhood

Answer 28

Neuroblastoma

Question 29

Frequency of occurrence of choroid plexus papilloma

Answer 29

lateral>fourth ventricle>third ventricle

Question 30

This tumor has been described to have the histologic features of medulloblastoma but occur supratentorially

Answer 30

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Question 31

Tumor most often associated with Von-Hipel-Lindau disease

Answer 31

Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma

Question 32

Most common type of pineal tumor

Answer 32

Germinoma

Question 33

Where is the most common location of arachnoid cysts?

Answer 33

overlying the sylvan fissure or temporal pole

Question 34

Hallmark of Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Answer 34

bilateral acoustic neuromas

Question 35

Gene defect in familial schwannomatosis

Answer 35

mutations in the SMARCB1 gene on chromosome 22

Question 36

Immunoperoxidase stain

Answer 36

Pituitary adenoma

Question 37

T/F: In pituitary adenoma, the longer the duration of amenorrhea and the higher the serum prolactin level, the larger the tumor.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Rochon-Duvigneau Syndrome

Answer 38

III, IV, VI and first division of the V with ophthalmoplegia

Question 39

Jacod-Rollet Syndrome

Answer 39

apex of the orbit

Question 40

Foix-Jefferson Syndrome

Answer 40

Cavernous sinus (same as Rochon-Duvigneau Syndrome)

Question 41

Gradenigo-Lannois Syndrome

Answer 41

V, VI

Question 42

Vernet Syndrome

Answer 42

IX, X, XI nerves with disturbance of deglutition

Question 43

Collet-Sicard Syndrome

Answer 43

IX, X, XI, XII

Question 44

Villaret Syndrome

Answer 44

Collet-Sicard and Horner Syndrome

Question 45

Garcin Syndrome

Answer 45

loss of function of all 12 cranial nerves

Question 46

The encephalomyelitis associated with carcinoma has been associated with this carcinoma in most of the reported cases?

Answer 46

small-cell type carcinoma of the bronchus

Question 47

anti-Hu

Answer 47

paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis

Question 48

anti-Yo

Answer 48

cerebellar degeneration

Question 49

anti-NR1

Answer 49

Anti-NMDA encephalitis

Question 50

anti-glutamate receptor

Answer 50

Hodgkin Disease

Question 51

Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome is usually a manifestation of what neoplasm in children?

Answer 51

Neuroblastoma

Question 52

Anti-Ri

Answer 52

Breast cancer

Question 53

anti-Ma

Answer 53

Testicular tumors

Question 54

anti-CRMP-5

Answer 54

Paraneoplastic Optic Neuropathy

Question 55

T/F: In approximately 25% of all patients with cancer, the brain or its coverings are involved by neoplasm at some time in the course of the illness.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

T/F: only some brain tumors cause papilledema and many others do not.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

T/F: A first seizure during adulthood is always suggestive of brain tumor.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

T/F: the most common type of low-grade astrocytoma is composed of well-differentiated fibrillary astrocytes.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Most common glioma of the spinal cord

Answer 59

Ependymoma

Question 60

Tumor cells present in primary CNS lymphoma

Answer 60

B Lymphocytes

Question 61

2nd most common cranial nerve affected by schwanomma.

Answer 61

Trigeminal nerve

Question 62

T/F: Headache due to increased ICP in patients with brain tumors abates with recumbency.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

Most frequent acquired genetic defect of meningiomas

Answer 63

Truncating mutation in the neurofibromatosis 2 gene on chromosome 2q

Question 64

Approximately how many percent of metastasis are in the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 64

80%

Question 65

T/F: Intrathecal and intraventricular chemotherapy are thought to be of value in the treatment of parenchymal metastasis.

Answer 65

False

Question 66

In what veins are the earliest evidence of leukemia seen?

Answer 66

Pial veins

Question 67

A solid green-colored mass of myelogenous leukemic cells

Answer 67

Chloroma

Question 68

Most common neurologic complication of all types of lymphoma

Answer 68

Extradural compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina

Question 69

T/F: systemic lymphoma rarely metastasizes to the brain.

Answer 69

True

Question 70

Cranial nerve predilection of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Answer 70

Eight nerve

Question 71

T/F: Medulloblasts has been identified in the fetal and adult human brain with medulloblastoma.

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Most common solid tumor of childhood

Answer 72

Neuroblastoma

Question 73

Paraneoplastic complication associated with neuroblastoma.

Answer 73

Polymyoclonus with opsoclonus and ataxia

Question 74

Approximately 70% of ependymoma arises in which ventricle?

Answer 74

Fourth ventricle

Question 75

The diagnosis of this tumor can be deduced from the appearance on CT or MRI of a cerebellar cyst containing an enhancing nodular lesion on its wall.

Answer 75

Hemangioblastoma

Question 76

Considered as the primary gene defect in familial schwannomatosis

Answer 76

SMARCB1 gene mutation

Question 77

T/F: By the time craniopharyngioma has attained a diameter of 3 to 4cm, it is always cystic and partly calcified.

Answer 77

True

Question 78

Most often cell seen in pituitary adenoma

Answer 78

Chromophobe cell

Question 79

Most helpful procedure in diagnosis and prognosis in brainstem glioma

Answer 79

Contrast-enhanced MRI

Question 80

This is a soft, jelly-like, gray-pink growth that arises from the remnants of the primitive notochord.

Answer 80

Chordoma

Question 81

Most common associated cancer in limbic encephalitis

Answer 81

Carcinoma of the bronchus (small cell type)

Question 82

Syndrome associated in most cases with the anti-Hu antibody

Answer 82

Paraneoplastic Sensory Neuronopathy

Question 83

Most specific paraneoplastic syndrome associated with CRMP- antibody

Answer 83

Paraneoplastic Optic Neuropathy

Question 84

Most serious radiation complication of RT for brain tumors

Answer 84

Late-delayed

Question 85

T/F: unprovoked assaults or outburst of intense rage or blind fury are very unusual.

Answer 85

True

Question 86

Lesion characterized by a combination of gelastic seizures and precocious puberty.

Answer 86

Hamartoma of the hypothalamus

Question 87

T/F: SUDEP is predominantly an issue of adulthood more than of childhood.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

Most common symptomatic cause of Panayiotopoulos syndrome

Answer 88

Cortical heterotopia

Question 89

Most common type of reflex epilepsy

Answer 89

Visual

Question 90

T/F: A lateral tongue injury is characteristic on an epileptic attack.

Answer 90

True

Question 91

Part of the brain most vulnerable to vasogenic edema

Answer 91

White matter

Question 92

Only treatment found to eradicate ocular lymphoma

Answer 92

Radiation therapy

Question 93

Most common neurologic complication of all types of lymphoma

Answer 93

Cauda equina syndrome

Question 94

Approximately how many percent of the four groups of pineal tumors are germinoma

Answer 94

50%

Question 95

A 15-yr old with multiple angiomatoses of the retina, renal and pancreas. What brain tumor will likely develop?

Answer 95

Hemangioblastoma

Question 96

Most common location of brain metastasis

Answer 96

Gray-white junction

Question 97

Most common location of central neurocytoma

Answer 97

Foramen of monro (intraventricular)

Question 98

Primary lymphoma that most commonly spreads to the nervous system

Answer 98

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Question 99

Presents with mirror-image lesions in deep gray matter including the thalamus and basal ganglia

Answer 99

Lymphoma

Question 100

Most common tumor of the filum terminale and cauda equina

Answer 100

Myxopapillary ependymoma

Question 101

Most common intramedullary spine tumor in children

Answer 101

Astrocytoma

Question 102

Columns of spindle-shaped cells with nuclear palisading, characteristically in Antoni A areas in schwanomma.

Answer 102

Verocay bodies

Question 103

Most common type of primary neoplasm in patients presenting with brain metastasis with no known primary tumor

Answer 103

Non-small cell carcinoma

Question 104

Neoplasm with highest tendency for CNS metastasis

Answer 104

Malignant melanoma

Question 105

Any indirect effects of systemic malignancy including vascular disorders, side effects of chemotherapy, metabolic disorder or nutritional deficiency

Answer 105

Paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 106

Syndrome of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability

Answer 106

Isaac's syndrome

Question 107

A cerebellar hemisphere occupied with an indistinct mass of "tiger stripe" appearance as a result of alternating layers of dysmorphic cerebellar cells is characteristic of

Answer 107

Lhermitte-Duclos disease

Question 108

Group of tumor cells arranged in a circle around a fibrillary center in medulloblastoma

Answer 108

Rosettes

Question 109

Refers to a neoplastic infiltration of the subarachnoid space

Answer 109

Meningeal carcinomatosis

Question 110

Finding that distinguishes glioblastoma multiforme from lower grade astrocytomas

Answer 110

Necrosis

Question 111

Most common intracranial site of germ cell tumors

Answer 111

Pineal gland

Question 112

Most common location of pilocytic astrocytoma

Answer 112

Cerebellum

Question 113

Most common location of SEGA

Answer 113

Wall of the lateral ventricle near the foramen of Monro

Question 114

Pathognomonic microscopic finding in chordoma

Answer 114

Physaliphorous cells

Question 115

Characteristically feature well-defined group of cells known as zellballen

Answer 115

Paraganglioma

Question 116

Most common location of choroid plexus papilloma in children

Answer 116

Lateral ventricle

Question 117

Most common location of choroid plexus papilloma in adults

Answer 117

4th ventricle

Question 118

Choroid plexus papilloma is associated to what syndrome?

Answer 118

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Question 119

Occur in both de novo and secondary GBM

Answer 119

LOH at chromosome 10q and loss of PTEN gene

Question 120

Paraneoplastic disorder associated with neuroblastoma

Answer 120

Opsoclonus-myoclonus

Question 121

Subgroup of medulloblastoma with the worst prognosis

Answer 121

Group 3