Pain

Question 1

This pain theory asserts that each of the sensations has a distinctive end organ in the skin and each stimulus-specific end organ is connected by its own private pathway to the brain

Answer 1

Specificity theory

Question 2

This pain theory states that the sensation of pain is the result of summation of impulses excited by pressure stimuli applied to the skin

Answer 2

Pattern or summation theory

Question 3

Very fine, unmyelinated, slowly conducting nerve fiber which are polymodal and are most effectively excited by noxious stimuli but can respond to both mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli.

Answer 3

C fibers

Question 4

T/F: The peripheral afferent pain fibers of both A-delta and C types have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Neurologically relevant maps of pain projection from the bones, ligaments and adjacent musculoskeletal structures

Answer 5

Sclerotomes

Question 6

T/F: As the ascending fibers cross the cord, they are added to the inner side of the spinothalamic tract so that the longest fibers from the sacral segments come to lie most superficially and fibers from successively more rostral levels occupy progressively deeper positions.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Most important cause of pain in muscle

Answer 7

Ischemia

Question 8

A process by which inflammation lowers the threshold for perception of pain

Answer 8

Sensitization

Question 9

Referred to as a demonstrable reduction in pain perception associated with an increased reaction to the stimulus once it is perceived

Answer 9

Hyperpathia

Question 10

T/F: For most patients, pain that necessitates medical consultation,is, by definition, severe.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Non-medical pain treatment in which the patient is instructed to perform movements in the painful arm while watching the same moves made by the unaffected arm.

Answer 11

Mirror therapy

Question 12

Meissner corpuscles

Answer 12

touch

Question 13

Merkel discs

Answer 13

pressure

Question 14

Ruffini plumes

Answer 14

warmth and skin stretch

Question 15

Krause end bulbs

Answer 15

cold

Question 16

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 16

vibration and tickle

Question 17

Which of the sensory receptors are the most deeply situated?

Answer 17

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 18

The effect of aging is most evident in relation to this sensory function?

Answer 18

Vibratory sense

Question 19

T/F: When the neuropathy is primarily demyelinating rather than axonal, paresthesia is an early feature.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

This is the pathogenesis of headache following seizures and ingestion of alcohol

Answer 20

cerebral vasodilatation

Question 21

How many percent of patients with migraine has its onset before 30 years old?

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

gene associated with 50% of familial hemiplegic migraine?

Answer 22

CACNA1A

Question 23

contraindications of ergot drugs and triptans in migraine?

Answer 23

coronary artery disease and poorly controlled hypertension

Question 24

inhalation of 100% O2 via mask for 10-15 minutes at the onset may abort this type of headache?

Answer 24

Cluster headache

Question 25

Type of subdural hematoma with positional worsening of headache?

Answer 25

acute SDH

Question 26

A more sensitive indicator of Temporal arteritis and is particularly helpful when the sedimentation rate is only mildly elevated

Answer 26

CRP

Question 27

An intense, generalized, throbbing headache occurring in conjunction with flushing of the face and hands and numbness of the fingers

Answer 27

Erythrocyanotic Headache

Question 28

Treatment of choice in occipital neuralgia

Answer 28

Carbamazepine, Gabapentin

Question 29

The parts of the back that possess the greatest freedom of movement and hence are most frequently subject to injury.

Answer 29

Lumbar, lumbosacral, cervical

Question 30

Refers to the delayed subcutaneous hematoma in the flanks after a fractured transverse process

Answer 30

Greg-turner sign

Question 31

Most often involved disc in herniation of lumbar intervertebral discs?

Answer 31

L5-S1

Question 32

Most common pathogen of the infection of the vertebral column

Answer 32

Staphylococci

Question 33

Most common causes of intraspinal hemorrhage

Answer 33

coagulopathy and spinal arteriovenous malformation

Question 34

root most commonly involved in cervical disc herniation

Answer 34

seventh (70%)

Question 35

Drug of choice if the frequency of migraine is very frequent

Answer 35

Amitryptiline (propranolol if the severity is the prime concern)

Question 36

T/F: A migrainous patient having several attacks per week usually proves to have a combination of headaches.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Pain that arises from the distention of this artery is projected to the back of the eye and temporal area.

Answer 37

Middle meningeal artery

Question 38

T/F: Trigeminal and cervical sensory inputs converge on the second order neurons at the C2 level.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

How many percent of patients with migraine have its onset before 30 years old?

Answer 39

80%

Question 40

Most common gene associated with familial hemiplegic migraine

Answer 40

P/Q type calcium channel alpha subunit (CACNA1A)

Question 41

Rate of cortical impairment in migraine

Answer 41

2-3mm/min

Question 42

T/F: sumatriptans are best administered just after the aura.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Contraindication in triptans

Answer 43

Coronary artery diseaseand poorly controlled hypertension

Question 44

It has been called the alarm clock headache

Answer 44

Cluster headache

Question 45

Inhalation of 100% oxygen via mask for 10-15 mins at the onset may abort this attack

Answer 45

Cluster headache

Question 46

This is said to be the most common variety of headache

Answer 46

Tension headache

Question 47

This is the only type of headache that exhibits the peculiarity of being present throughout the day, day after day, for long periods of time

Answer 47

Chronic tension type headache

Question 48

Why is early diagnosis of temporal arteritis important?

Answer 48

Threat of blindness from thrombosis of the ophthalmic or posterior ciliary arteries

Question 49

Syndrome characterized with herpes of the external auditory meatus and pinna combined with facial paralysis

Answer 49

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

Question 50

Focal neurologic symptoms preceding migraine typically lasting lass than an hour

Answer 50

Aura

Question 51

Also called alarm clock headache because of nocturnal nature of headache

Answer 51

Hypnic Headache

Question 52

A serious preventable complication of untreated pseudotumor cerebri

Answer 52

Visual loss

Question 53

T/F: chronic migraine is a new entity defined by migraine headaches on 15 or more days per month for 3 or more months in the absence of medication overuse.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

T/F: Propranolol has no value in the treatment of migraine.

Answer 54

True