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Adams Principles of Neurology > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria caused by these conditions are the only apparent predecessors to meningitis

A

Pneumonia and Endocarditis

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2
Q

T/F: Meningitis is always cerebrospinal.

A

True

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3
Q

Reaction of the CNS to bacteria

A

1) hyperemia of the meningeal venues and capillaries with increased permeability
2) Exudation of protein with migration of neutrophils into the pia and subarachnoid space

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4
Q

When does the cellular exudate becomes organised into two layers?

A

2 weeks

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5
Q

4th most common type of nonsurgical bacterial meningitis in Adults

A

L. monocytogenes

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6
Q

Seizures are encountered most often with this type of meningitis

A

H. influenzae meningitis

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7
Q

Most usual pathogen in recurrent bacterial meningitis

A

S. pneumoniae

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8
Q

T/F: Viral meningitis is far more common than bacterial meningitis

A

True

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9
Q

It is characterised by recurrent meningitis with iridocyclitis and depigmentation of nails and skin

A

Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome

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10
Q

T/F: The use of corticosteroids in bacterial meningitis was not found to affect mortality in children but reduces the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss and other neurologic sequelae especially in H. influenza meningitis.

A

True

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11
Q

The improvement after giving corticosteroids in adults with bacterial meningitis is sen largely among those infected with what organism?

A

Pneumococcus

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12
Q

Osler triad

A

pneumococcal meningitis, pneumonia, endocarditis

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13
Q

Treatment of choice in Listeria meningoencephalitis?

A

Ampicillin + Gentamicin

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14
Q

Treatment of choice in Melioidosis?

A

Intensive eradication with ceftazidime for 10-14 days followed by cotrimoxazole with or without doxycycline

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15
Q

Acute meningoencephalitis, papilledema and increased intracranial pressure attributable to ingestion of raw milk

A

Brucellosis

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16
Q

Most common incriminated organism in septic thrombophlebitis?

A

Streptococci and Staphylococci

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17
Q

The sinuses most frequently implicated in abscesses

A

Frontal and sphenoid

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18
Q

2/3 of abscesses originating in the ear lies in what part of the brain?

A

middle and inferior part of the temporal lobe

1/3 in the anterolateral part of the cerebellar hemisphere

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19
Q

T/F: In brain abscess, it is the subsequent evolution of the process that is dependent on the inherent tendency of the organism to be invasive.

A

True

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20
Q

How many % of cases of congenital heart disease are complicated by brain abscess?

A

5%

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21
Q

By far the most common congenital heart anomaly implicated in brain abscess?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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22
Q

Most frequent initial symptoms of intracranial abscess

A

Headache

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23
Q

T/F: The abscess capsule tends to be thinner on the side directed to the lateral ventricle.

A

True

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24
Q

This must be added as the 5th drug in case of INH and EMB-resistant organism

A

Ethionamide

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25
It is the invariable accompaniment of all forms of neurosyphilis
Meningeal inflammation
26
T/F: Asymptomatic neurosyphilis can be recognised only by changes in the CSF.
True
27
Earliest change in the CSF of congenital neurosyphilis.
Pleocytosis and elevation of protein
28
When does the symptoms of meningeal syphilis usually occur?
Within the first two years
29
Most common form of neurosyphilis
Meningovascular syphilis
30
Severe and painful meningoradiculitis of the caudal equine in Lyme disease
Bannworth syndrome
31
T/F: In Cryptococcus meningitis, the administration of Amphothericin B intrathecally in addition to intravenous route appears not to be essential
True
32
Unlike any other rickettsioses, this is characterised with low-grade meningitis and not associated with an exanthem
Q fever
33
T/F: Treated mother with Toxoplasmosis can be assured that there is little carryover risk of producing a second infected infant.
True
34
More often characterized by chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, cerebral calcifications and psychomotor retardation.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis
35
It is the most common cause of focal cerebral lesions in patients with AIDS
Acquired Toxoplasmosis
36
Cerebral malaria complicates 2% of cases of this malarial infection
Falciparum malaria
37
Characterised by winter bottom sign and Kerandal hyperaesthesia
Trypanosomiasis
38
Characterised by large fluid filled cyst and solid chitinoma
Hydatid disease (Echinococcus)
39
Usual trematode that infects the nervous system
Schistosoma japonicum
40
Type of schistosome infection which tends to localise in the spinal cord causing an acute or subacute myelitis that is concentrated in the conus medullaris
Schistosoma mansoni
41
Most common viral infection confined to meningeal cells
Enteroviruses
42
T/F: Mumps meningitis affects males 3x more frequently than females
True
43
T/F: Brachial neuritis may occur when parvovirus is contracted from the child by an adult.
True
44
It is by far the most common sporadic cause of encephalitis and has no seasonal or geographic predilection.
HSV
45
Most common cause of HSV Encephalitis
HSV-1
46
T/F: Status Epilepticus is rare in HSV Encephalitis.
True
47
Dose of Acyclovir in HSV Encephalitis
30 mg/kg/day x 10-14 days
48
This disease is distinguished with the presence of this cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions
Negri bodies
49
These are focal collections of microglia in Rabies
Babes nodules
50
Most common dermatome affected in Zoster
Thoracic dermatomes particularly T5-T10
51
Retrovirus that induce tropical spastic paraparesis
HTLV-I
52
Most common nonfocal neurologic complication of AIDS
CMV and Cryptococcus
53
This is the only clearly demonstrated mechanism of spread of the usual type of CJD
Iatrogenic
54
Most common isoform type of prions
MM1
55
This test is particularly useful in separating CJD from other non-inflammatory dementing disease
14-3-3 test
56
It is the most important test to establish the diagnosis of healthcare associated ventriculitis and meningitis
CSF cultures
57
Organisms associated with infection of pulse generators
S. aureus and propionibacterium acnes
58
T/F: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has a prdilection for both cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres.
True
59
The only clearly demonstrated mechanism of spread of the usual type of CJD
Iatrogenic
60
Most common type of CJD overall.
MM1
61
The pathologic changes in Fatal Insomnia, consisting of neuronal loss and gliosis, are found in which part of the brain?
Medial thalamic nuclei
62
Prion disease that is not found to be transmissible by inoculation of infected brain material.
Fatal insomnia
63
Most common cause of acute aseptic meningitis.
Enterovirus
64
T/F: Practically all cases of rabies are the result of transdermal viral inoculation.
True
65
Part of the CNS most usually involved in patients with rabies manifesting as hydrophobia and frothing of the mouth?
Tegmental medullary nuclei
66
The most common neurologic complication in the later stages of HIV infection.
AIDS dementia complex
67
What antiretroviral is purported to cause a myopathy similar to the inflammatory polymyositis caused by HIV?
Zidovudine
68
What is the most common focal infectious complication of AIDS?
Toxoplasmosis
69
The most frequent fungal complications of HIV infection
Cryptococcal meningitis and solitary cryptococcoma
70
Most commonly involved nerve in neurosarcoidosis
Cranial Nerve 7
71
First line ideal treatment in the first stage of borreliosis?
Doxycycline
72
First line ideal treatment in the later stage of Borreliosis.
Ceftriaxone
73
The most common cause of brain abscess in immunovompetent patients
Anaerobic bacteria
74
Probably the most frequent initial symptom of intracranial abscess
Headache
75
T/F: the temporal lobe lesions in HSV encephalitis are usually bilateral but not symmetrical.
True
76
The most frequent neurologic manifestation of poliovirus infection.
Aseptic meningitis
77
Most frequent presentation of neurocystocercosis
Seizure
78
Most commonly affected cranial nerve in tuberculous meningitis
Abducens nerve
79
Most vulnerable nerve affected following extensive sensory loss in leprosy.
Ulnar nerve
80
It is by far the most common sporadic cause of encephalitis and has no seasonal or geographic predilection.
HSV
81
Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in a 40 year old man two days after undergoing ventriculostomy.
Staphylococcus aureus History of splenectomy-haemophilus influenza type b History of ethanol abuse-acinetobacter History of heart implantation-Listeria monocytogenes Immunocompetent adult-streptococcus pneumoniae
82
T/F: Postherpetic neuralgia follows shingles in 5-10% of patients but occurs almost 3x more often among individuals older than 60 years.
True
83
Antibiotic added as a 5th drug in countries with high rates of resistance to INH.
Ethionamide
84
Cerebral malaria complicates how many percent of falciparum malaria
2%
85
Seizures are encountered most often in meningitis involving this organism
H. influenza
86
Most common manifestation of tubrrculous meningitis
Stiff neck
87
Probably the most frequent opportunistic fungus infection
Candidiasis
88
T/F: Aspergillosis does not present as meningitis but as infectious vasculitis.
True
89
Latency period of SSPE
6-8 years
90
In the early stages of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, demyelination starts in this lobe.
Occipital lobe
91
Most common congenital CNS infection
Congenital CMV
92
Blueberry muffin baby
Congenital rubella syndrome
93
Most common pathogen of cranial epidural abscess
Staphylococcus aureus
94
The most common agent believed to cause benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis
Herpes simplex type 2
95
Most common nonepidemic viral cause of viral encephalitis
HSV-1
96
Distinguishing feature of AIDP from idiopathic GBS?
Lymphocytic pleocytosis
97
Most frequent primary cause of meningitis in AIDS patients
Cryptococcus
98
Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
Coxsackie virus, echovirus
99
Most common virus associated with neonatal herpes encephalitis
HSV-2
100
Isolated from the CSF of patients with recurrent bouts of benign aseptic meningitis (mollaret meningitis)
HSV-1
101
Botulinum toxin most commonly involved in botulinism
BTX A
102
Most common complication of AIDS
HIV-associated sensory neuropathy
103
Most common cause of subdural empyema
Sinusitis
104
Common feature of the TORCH infections
Chorioretinitis
105
Most common complication of acute bacterial meningitis
Sensorineural hearing loss
106
By far the most common anomaly implicated in brain abscess
Tetralogy of fallot
107
Type of edema in the surrounding white matter of a brain abscess
Interstitial edema
108
Most frequent complaint in brain abscess
Headache
109
The most frequent sign of neurocysticercosis
Seizure
110
Durck nodes are associated with which CNS infection?
Malaria
111
Primary CNS Lymphoma can be differentiated in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent host by which characteristic?
Association with Epstein Barr virus
112
Brudzinski and Kernig's signs are reflective of flexor protective reflex known as
Fulton's nocifensive response
113
Calcifications are widely distributed in this TORCH infection
Toxoplasmosis
114
Cardiac lesions are only present in this TORCH infection
Rubella

Adams Principles of Neurology (19 decks)

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