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Gross Anatomy > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

0
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

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1
Q

Where does the spinal cord start?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up the?

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the typical human?

A

31

12 cranial

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4
Q

What is responsible for controlling the involuntary systems including smooth muscles, glands and internal organs?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

What are the cell types of the nervous system?

A

Neuroglia, Schwann, neurons=PNS

Oligodendrocytes=CNS

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6
Q

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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7
Q

Layer of lipid and protein that sheaths some axons thereby increasing the velocity of impulse transmission from neuron to neuron?

A

Myelin

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8
Q

Collection of nerve fibers that connects the CNS with somatic muscles and structures in the body?

A

Peripheral nerves

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9
Q

Origin and termination of the spinal cord?

A

Medulla/L1/L2

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10
Q

Efferent fiber (motor) cell bodies are found in what?

A

Ventral horns/anterior horns

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11
Q

Which level of the spinal cord has the most gray matter?

A

Lumbar

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12
Q

Outermost meningeal layer?

A

Dura mater

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13
Q

The subarachnoid space contains what?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

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14
Q

What anchors the spinal cord to the posterior coccyx?

A

Filium terminale

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15
Q

What anchors the spinal cord to the dural sac?

A

Denticulate ligament

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16
Q

Where do cervical spinal nerves exit the intervertebral formina?

A

Above the named segment

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17
Q

What surrounds a fascicle in a peripheral nerve that protects the nerve against foreign substances?

A

Perineurium

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18
Q

What accommodates the Cauda Equina?

A

Lumbar cistern

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19
Q

Do spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers?

A

Yes

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38
Q

What carries impulses away from the cell? Myelinated or unmyellinated?

A

Axons

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39
Q

What is the point at which one neuron communicates with another?

A

Synapse

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40
Q

Gray matter is where in the CNS? White matter is where?

A

Nucleus, tract (axon, nerve fibers)

41
Q

PNS has what that are a collection of nerve cell bodies?

42
Q

Motor?

A

Efferent–>ventral root to spinal cord

43
Q

Sensory?

A

Afferent–>dorsal root (away from the spinal cord)

44
Q

The CNS

A

Nucleus is gray matter, collection of neuron cell bodies

Tract is white matter, collection of nerve fibers, connects nuclei

45
Q

The PNS

A

Ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies, outside of CNS

peripheral nerve is collection of nerve fibers, connect CNS with peripheral structures
SPINAL OR CRANIAL NERVES

46
Q

Spinal nerves how many?

A

31

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
47
Q

What do spinal nerves do?

A

Carries dorsal (afferent, sensory) and ventral (efferent, motor) from one spinal segment

Dorsal and ventral roots run in subarachnoid space covered in pia mater

48
Q

What is epineurium?

A

Encloses bundle of fascicles

Fat, blood vessels, lymphatics

49
Q

What is Perineurium?

A

Dense tissue around a fascicle, protection action foreign substances

50
Q

What is endoneurium?

A

Delicate sheath surrounding neurolemma and cells

51
Q

What is the lumbar cistern?

A

Enlargement of subarachnoid space to accomodate Cauda Equina

52
Q

What are dermatomes and myotomes?

A

Areas of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

Muscle receiving innervation from a single spinal level

53
Q

What vertebral arteries run from the brain stem to conus medullaris and supply superior cord?

A

Anterior spinal artery (from vertebral artery) and 2 posterior spinal arteries (from vertebral artery)

54
Q

What arteries supply most of the cord?

A

Segmental medullary and radicular arteries

55
Q

What veins supply the spinal cord?

A

3 anterior spinal veins, 3 posterior spinal veins

56
Q

Thoracic region what kind of matter?

A

Mostly white, lateral horn

57
Q

Cervical region what kind of matter?

A

A lot of white because all sensory information goes through this area

58
Q

Lumbar region what kind of matter?

A

A lot of gray because of big motions of the limbs

59
Q

What does the dural sac do?

A

Dura mater forms a protective covering on top of the spinal cord

60
Q

Where is the spinal cord thicker?

A

Cervical and lumbosacral enlargements

Cervical=brachial plexus
Lumbosacral=lumbosacral plexus

61
Q

What continues after the spinal cord ends?

62
Q

Spinal ganglia consist of?

A

Dorsal and ventral roots, splits into posterior ramus (sensory and motor) and anterior ramus (sensory and motor)

63
Q

The somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary
Skeletal muscle
Sensation=pain pressure touch proprioception

64
Q

The autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary
Smooth muscle
Glands
Internal organs

65
Q

Glial cells (neuroglia)

A

Non-excitable cells, cells support insulate, and nourish neurons

66
Q

Schwann cells

A

Major glial cell in PNS
Produces myelin protein for myelinated axons
Equilateral to oligodendrocytes in CNS

67
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Structural and functional unit of the nervous system, rapid communication

68
Q

A neuron has what parts and what do they do?

A

Cell body
Dendrites carry impulses to the cell body
Axons carry impulses away from the cell body and can be myelinated or unmyelinated

69
Q

Neurotransmitter so facilitate what?

A 
Synapses 
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
GABA
70
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

Outermost layer, thick and fibrous, forms spinal dural sac

71
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A

Middle layer, delicate, encloses CSF (cushion for the cord)

72
Q

What is the pia mater?

A

The innermost layer, most delicate, covers spinal nerve roots, continues as filum terminale

73
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

Sheets of pia mater that anchor the cord to the dural sac, separates anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) nerve roots–>longitudinal to the cord

Gross Anatomy (16 decks)

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