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Gross Anatomy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Linea alba

A

the aponeuroses interweave forming this midline raphe extending from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

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1
Q

Umbilicus

A

Where the umbilical cord, from the placenta, entered the fetus and is the reference point for the transumbilical plane

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2
Q

Rectus sheath

A

between the midclavicular line and the midline, the aponeuroses form this, which enclose the rectus abdominis

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3
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

The fascia lining the deep surface of the transversus abdominis muscle or aponeurosis

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4
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia

A

Extensive fascial complex that has anterior, middle and posterior layers with muscles enclosed between them

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5
Q

Intercostal nerves

A

formed by the anterior rami of T1-T11, run along the extent of the intercostal spaces

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6
Q

Posterior intercostal artery

A

Begins at supreme intercostal arteries (intercostal spaces 1 and 2) and thoracic aorta (remaining intercostal spaces)

Distribution is intercostal muscles and overlying skin, parietal pleura

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7
Q

Anterior intercostal artery

A

Begins at internal thoracic arteries (intercostal spaces 1-6) and musculophrenic arteries (intercostal spaces 7-9)

Distribution is intercostal muscles and overlying skin, parietal pleura

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8
Q

Internal thoracic

A

Subclavian artery origin

Distribution by way of anterior intercostal arteries to intercostal spaces 1-6 and musculophrenic arteries to intercostal spaces 7-9

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9
Q

Musculophrenic artery

A

Origin is internal thoracic artery

Distribution is abdominal wall of hypochondriac region, anterolateral, diaphragm

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10
Q

Superior epigastric artery

A

Origin is internal thoracic artery

Distribution is superior rectus abdominis and superior part of anterolateral abdominal wall

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11
Q

Inferior epigastric artery

A

Origin is external iliac artery

Distribution is inferior rectus abdominis and medial part of anterolateral abdominal wall

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12
Q

Areola and nipple

A

The greatest prominence of the breast=nipple

Circular pigmented area=areola

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13
Q

Lactiferous duct

A

Lobules are drained by these and they open independently on the nipple

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14
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

Mammary glands are firmly attached to the dermis of the overlying skin by these

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15
Q

Mammary gland lobules

A

Suspensory ligaments are well developed in the superior part of the breast help support these

16
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A 
Thoracolumbar 
T1 to L2/L3
Fight, flight, freeze
Increases blood pressure, increases pupil size
Catabolic
17
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A 
Craniosacral
S2-S4
Rest and digest 
Increased peristalsis, decrease pupil size
Homeostasis
Anabolic
18
Q

Impulse conduction

A

Presynaptic (preganglionic) neuron synapses with postsynaptic neuron=brain or spinal cord

Postsynaptic (postganglionic) neuron=cell body in autonomic ganglia outside of CNS, postsynaptic fibers synapse on effector organ=cell body in outside CNS)

19
Q

Parasympathetic presynaptic neurons are longer than sympathetic presynaptic neurons.

A

True. Sympathetic is equal

20
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Parasympathetic=acetylcholine

Sympathetic=acetylcholine and norepinephrine

21
Q

Interomediolateral (IML) cell columns

A

Lateral horns of gray matter

Presynaptic cell bodies located in IML

Column extend from T1 to L2/L3

22
Q

Postsynaptic cells of sympathetic system

A

Greatly outnumber presynaptic fibers

Para vertebral ganglia=form sympathetic chains/trunks

Prevertebral ganglia=in a plexus around main aortic branches

23
Q

Paravertebral ganglion course

A

Superior cervical ganglion at base of cranium

Inferior (ganglion impar) at coccyx

24
Q

Sympathetic innervation

A

Axons of presynaptic neurons exit through anterior (ventral) horn of spinal cord (motor)

Fibers reach the sympathetic trunk through the white rami communicans (T1 to L2/L3)

25
Q

Sympathetic trunk presynaptic fibers do one of four things 1

A

Ascend to synapse with postsynaptic neuron of higher Paravertebral ganglion

Head and eye
Cell bodies of Superior cervical ganglion go through cephalic artery branch to create peri arterial plexuses to carotid or cranial nerves

26
Q

Sympathetic trunk presynaptic fibers do one of four things 2

A

Descend in trunk to synapse with postganglionic neuron of lower Paravertebral ganglion

27
Q

Sympathetic trunk presynaptic fibers do one of four things 3

A

Synapse right away with postsynaptic neuron at that level

28
Q

Sympathetic trunk presynaptic fibers do one of four things 4

A

Pass through trunk without synapsing (continue on through abdominopelvic Splanchic nerve to reach prevertebral ganglion)

29
Q

Splanchic nerves (sympathetic)

A

Convey visceral efferent and afferent fibers

Postsynaptic fibers for the thoracic cavity pass through cardiopulmonary Splanchic nerves to get to plexuses (cardiac, pulmonary, esophagus)

30
Q

Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers

A

Sympathetic trunks to anterior rami of spinal nerves through gray rami communicans (enter all 31 branches of spinal nerves including posterior rami to stimulate sympathetic response such as sweating)

31
Q

Supra renal (adrenal gland)

A

Some presynaptic fibers pass through the prevertebral ganglia without synapsing to end at the medulla of adrenal gland

Medullary cells function as a postsynaptic neuron that releases neurotransmitter into the bloodstream to give full body sympathetic response

32
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

More restricted than sympathetic

Goes to head, visceral cavities of trunk and erectile tissue

Does not reach the body wall of limbs

33
Q

Parasympathetic visceral motor innervation

A

Presynaptic neuron cell bodies located in gray matter on cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10=make up cranial parasympathetic outflow

Sacral parasympathetic outflow=gray matter of S2-S4 that exit through anterior spinal nerve roots and pelvic Splanchic nerves

34
Q

Cranial nerves

A

3, 7, 9 head

Sacral pelvic viscera

10 vagus nerve thoracic and abdomen, GI except lower parts

35
Q

Visceral afferent sensation

A

We usually have no sensation from normal organ function

If sensation: poorly localized pain, true pain from pathology, chemical irritants

Visceral reflexes can be generated by sensation: blood pressure, breathing rate

Gross Anatomy (16 decks)

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