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Gross Anatomy > Exam 4 Muscles > Flashcards

Exam 4 Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia, gluteal tuberosity of femur

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1
Q

What is the origin of gluteus maximus?

A

Illium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament

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2
Q

What is the innervation for gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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3
Q

What is the action for gluteus maximus?

A

extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

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4
Q

What is the origin of gluteus medius?

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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5
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus medius?

A

lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

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6
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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7
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius?

A

Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

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8
Q

What is the origin of gluteus minimus?

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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9
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus minimus?

A

anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

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10
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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11
Q

What is the action of gluteus minimus?

A

abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

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12
Q

What is the origin of tensor fasciae latae?

A

anterior superior iliac spine; anterior iliac crest

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13
Q

What is the insertion of tensor fasciae latae?

A

lateral condyle of tibia

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14
Q

What is the innervation of tensor fasciae latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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15
Q

What is the action of tensor fasciae latae?

A

flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint

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16
Q

What is the innervation for gluteus medius, gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae?

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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17
Q

What is the origin of piriformis?

A

anterior surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

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18
Q

What is the insertion of piriformis?

A

superior border of greater trochanter of femur

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19
Q

What is the innervation of piriformis?

A

branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

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20
Q

What is the action for piriformis?

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

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21
Q

What is the origin of obturtor infernus?

A

pelvic surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

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22
Q

What is the insertion of obturator internus?

A

medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

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23
Q

What is the innervation of obturator internus?

A

nerve to obturator internus L5, S1

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24
Q

What is the action of obturator internus?

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

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25
Q

What is the origin of gemelli (superior and inferior)?

A

Superior: ischial spine

Inferior: ischial tuberosity

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26
Q

What is the insertion of gemelli (superior and inferior)?

A

medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

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27
Q

What is the innervation of gemelli (superior and inferior)?

A

superior: nerve to obturator internus L5, S1
inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1

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28
Q

What is the action of gemelli (superior and inferior)?

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

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29
Q

What is the origin of quadratus femoris?

A

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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30
Q

What is the insertion of quadratus femoris?

A

quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

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31
Q

What is the innervation of quadratus femoris?

A

nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1

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32
Q

What is the action of quadratus femoris?

A

laterally rotates hip joint; also pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis

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33
Q

What is the origin of pectineus?

A

superior ramus of pubis

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34
Q

What is the insertion of pectineus?

A

pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter

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35
Q

What is the innervation of pectineus?

A

femoral nerve L2, L3

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36
Q

What is the action of pectineus?

A

adducts and flexes hip joint; assists with medial rotation of hip joint

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37
Q

What is the origin of sartorius?

A

ASIS, superior part of notch inferior to it

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38
Q

What is the insertion of sartorius?

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia

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39
Q

What is the innervation of sartorius?

A

femoral nerve L2, L3

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40
Q

What is the action of sartorius?

A

flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip joint; flexes knee joint

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41
Q

What is the origin of psoas major?

A

sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae

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42
Q

What is the insertion of psoas major?

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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43
Q

What is the innervation of psoas major?

A

anterior rami of lumbar nerve L1, L2, L3

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44
Q

What is the action of psoas major?

A

flex hip joint and stabilizes joint

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45
Q

What is the origin of iliacus?

A

iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments

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46
Q

What is the insertion of iliacus?

A

tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, femur distal to it

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47
Q

What is the innervation of iliacus?

A

femoral nerve L2, L3

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48
Q

What is the action of iliacus?

A

flexes hip joint; stabilizes the hip joint

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49
Q

What is the origin of rectus femoris?

A

anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum

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50
Q

What is quadriceps femoris?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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51
Q

What is the origin of vastus lateralis?

A

greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera

52
Q

What is the origin of vastus medialis?

A

intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera

53
Q

What is the origin of vastus intermedius?

A

anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

54
Q

What is the insertion of quadriceps femoris?

A

via quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament

55
Q

What is the innervation of quadriceps femoris?

A

femoral nerve L2, L3, L4

56
Q

What is the action of quadriceps femoris?

A

extends knee joint

57
Q

What is the origin of adductor longus?

A

body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

58
Q

What is the insertion of adductor longus?

A

middle third of linea aspera of femur

59
Q

What is the innervation of adductor longus?

A

obturator nerve L2, L3, L4

60
Q

What is the action of adductor longus?

A

adducts hip joint

61
Q

What is the origin of adductor brevis?

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

62
Q

What is the insertion of adductor brevis?

A

pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

63
Q

What is the innervation of adductor brevis?

A

obturator nerve L2, L3, L4

64
Q

What is the action of adductor brevis?

A

adducts hip joint

65
Q

What is the origin of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium

Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

66
Q

What is the insertion of adductor magnus?

A

adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar linne

Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur

67
Q

What is the innervation of adductor magnus?

A

adductor part: obturator L2, L3, L4

hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve L4

68
Q

What is the action of adductor magnus?

A

adducts hip joint, flexes hip joint (adductor part), extends hip joint (hamstring part)

69
Q

What is the origin of gracilis?

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

70
Q

What is the insertion of gracilis?

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia

71
Q

What is the innervation of gracilis?

A

obturator nerve L2, L3

72
Q

What is the action of the gracilis?

A

adducts hip joint; flexes knee joint and helps rotate it medially

73
Q

What is the origin of obturator externus?

A

margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

74
Q

What is the insertion of obturator externus?

A

trochanteric fossa of femur

75
Q

What is the innervation of obturator externus?

A

obturator nerve L3, L4

76
Q

What is the action of obturator externus?

A

laterally rotates hip joint; pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady

77
Q

What is the origin of semitendinosus and semimembranosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

78
Q

What is the insertion of semitendinosus?

A

medial surface of superior part of tibia

79
Q

What is the innervation for semitendinosus and semimembranosus?

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

80
Q

What is the action of semitendinosus and semimembranosus?

A

extend hip joint, flex knee joint and rotate the leg medially when knee is flexed; can extend trunk when hip and knee are flexed

81
Q

What is the insertion of semimembranosus?

A

posterior part of medial condyle of tibia

82
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris?

A

Long head: ischial tuberosity

Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

83
Q

What is the insertion of biceps femoris?

A

lateral side of head of fibula

84
Q

What is the innervation of biceps femoris?

A

Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

85
Q

What is the action of biceps femoris?

A

Flexes knee joint and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends hip joint

86
Q

What is the origin of tibialis anterior?

A

lateral condyle and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

87
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

88
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis anterior?

A

deep fibular nerve L4, L5

89
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

90
Q

What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?

A

middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

91
Q

What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

92
Q

What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum and fibularis tertius?

A

deep fibular nerve L5, S1

93
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?

A

extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle

94
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?

A

lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

95
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

96
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?

A

extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle

97
Q

What is the origin of fibularis tertius?

A

inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

98
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis tertius?

A

dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

99
Q

What is the action of fibularis tertius?

A

dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot

100
Q

What is the origin of fibularis longus?

A

head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

101
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis longus?

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

102
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis longus and brevis?

A

superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2

103
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus and brevis?

A

evert foot; weakly plantarflex ankle, supports transverse arch of foot

104
Q

What is the origin of fibularis brevis?

A

middle part of lateral surface of fibula

105
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?

A

dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

106
Q

What is the origin of the gastronemius? 2 heads

A

Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

107
Q

What is the insertion of gastronemius, soleus and plantaris?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneous tendon

108
Q

What is the innervation for gastronemius, soleus and plantaris?

A

tibial nerve S1, S2

109
Q

What is the action of gastronemius?

A

Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking, flexes knee joint

110
Q

What is the origin of soleus?

A

Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia

111
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A

plantarflexes ankle; steadies leg on foot

112
Q

What is the origin of plantaris?

A

inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

113
Q

What is the action of plantaris?

A

weakly assists gastronemius in plantarflexing ankle; proprioceptive mainly

114
Q

What is the origin of popliteus?

A

lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

115
Q

What is the insertion of popliteus??

A

posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

116
Q

What is the innervation of popliteus?

A

tibial nerve L4, L5, S1

117
Q

What is the action of popliteus?

A

weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb

118
Q

What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?

A

inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane

119
Q

What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

120
Q

What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus?

A

tibial nerve S2, S3

121
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

122
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?

A

medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula

123
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

A

bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

124
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arches of foot

125
Q

What is the origin of tibialis posterior?

A

interosseous membrane, posterior surfaace of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula

126
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?

A

primarily to tuberosity of navicular; also to cuneiforms; cuboid; bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

127
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve L4, L5

128
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

A

plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Gross Anatomy (16 decks)

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