Exam 2 Upper Limb Flashcards
Scapula
Has medial, lateral, superior borders and superior and inferior angles, head, neck, acromion
Clavicle
Connects the upper limb to the trunk
Transmits shocks (traumatic impacts) from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Glenoid cavity
Articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
Humerus
Largest bone in the upper limb
Shaft has deltoid tuberosity and radial groove
Between the elevated sternal ends of the clavicles is the
jugular notch
The acromial end of the clavicle often rises higher than the acromion, forming a palpable elevation at the
acromio-clavicular joint
Deltoid portions
clavicular, acromial, spinal
Scapulohumeral Muscles
SITS=rotator cuff muscles
suprapinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
What is the origin of the deltoid?
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
What is the insertion of the deltoid?
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
What is the innervation of the deltoid?
axillary nerve, C5 (C6)
What are the main actions of the deltoid?
Clavicular part flexes and medially rotate shoulder joint, acromial part abducts shoulder joint, spinal part extends and laterally rotates shoulder joint
What is the origin of the supraspinatus?
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve C5 (C4, C6)
What are the main actions of the supraspinatus?
Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of shoulder joint and acts with other rotator cuff muscles
What is the origin of the infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve C5 (C6)
What are the main actions of the infraspinatus?
Laterally rotate shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
What is the origin of teres minor?
Middle part of lateral border of scapula
What is the insertion of teres minor?
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
What is the innervation of teres minor?
Axillary nerve C5 (C6)
What is the action of teres minor?
Laterally rotate shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
What is the origin of teres major?
Inferior part of lateral border of scapula and posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
What is the insertion of the teres major?
Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
What is the innervation of teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve C6 (C5)
What are the main actions of teres major?
Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
What is the origin of subscapularis?
Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)
What is the insertion of the subscapularis?
Lesser tubercle of humerus
What is the innervation of the subscapularis?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves C6 (C5, C7)
What are the main actions of the subscapularis?
Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
Sternoclavicular joint
between the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum and the 1st costal cartilage
saddle joint that functions as a ball-and-socket joint
Acromioclavicular Joint
The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion
Coracoclavicular ligament
Anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula
Glenohumeral Joint
Shoulder joint, ball-and-socket synovial joint that permits a wide range of movement; its mobility makes the joint relatively unstable
Transverse humeral ligament
Broad fibrous band that runs from the greater to the lesser tubercle, bridging over the intertubercular sulcus and converting the sulcus into a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii and its synovial sheath
Coraco-acromial ligament
Located in between the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula
What is the origin of the pectoralis major?
Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus
What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves, clavicular head C6,C5, sternocostal head C7,C8,T1
What are the main actions of the pectoralis major?
Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draw scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Acting alone, clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position
What is the origin of pectoralis minor?
3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages
What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?
Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of scapula
What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?
Medial pectoral nerve C8, T1
What are the main actions of the pectoralis minor?
Stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
What is the origin of the subclavius?
Junction of 1st rib and it’s costal cartilage
What is the insertion of the subclavius?
Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
What is the innervation of the subclavius?
Subclavian nerve C5 (C6)
What is the main action of the subclavius?
Anchors and depresses clavicle
What is the origin of the serratus anterior?
External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
What is the innervation of serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve C6, C7 (C5)
What are the main actions of the serratus anterior?
Protracted scapula and holds against thoracic wall; rotates scapula
The apex of the axilla
Cervico axillary canal
Base of the axilla
Concave skin, subcutaneous tissue and axillary (deep) fascia extending from the arm to the thoracic wall forming the axillary fossa (armpit)
Anterior wall of the axilla
Anterior axillary fold, pectoralis major and minor and their fascia
Posterior wall of the axilla
Scapula and subscapularis, posterior axillary fold
Medial wall of the axilla
Thoracic wall and the overlying serratus anterior
Lateral wall of the axilla
Narrow bony wall formed by the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Axillary artery
Begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib as the continuation of the subclavian artery and ends at the inferior border of the teres major (3 parts total)
Roots of the brachial plexus
C5-T1
