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Gross Anatomy > Introduction Mix > Flashcards

Introduction Mix Flashcards

0
Q

What shape are lumbar vertebral bodies?

A

Kidney shaped

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1
Q

What shape are thoracic vertebral bodies?

A

Heart

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2
Q

What is the nuchal ligament an extension of?

A

Supraspinous ligament

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3
Q

What does the aral ligament do?

A

Limits extensive rotation of cervical

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4
Q

Where is the cruciate ligament?

A

Cranium to C2

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5
Q

Where are the joints of Lushka?

A

Between the Uncas bodies, C3-C6

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6
Q

What has muscle attachments for the multifudus?

A

Mammillary processes

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7
Q

Where does the vertebral artery go through?

A

The transverse foramen

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8
Q

How many processes are on a typical vertebra?

A

7

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9
Q

What is the floor of the Suboccipital triangle?

A

Atlanto occipital membrane

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10
Q

What lengthens the muscle?

A

Eccentric

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11
Q

What shortens the muscle?

A

Concentric

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12
Q

What movement is the same for muscles?

A

Isometric

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13
Q

C3-C5 myotome

A

Diaphragm

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14
Q

C5 myotome

A

Elbow flexion

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15
Q

C6 myotome

A

Wrist extension

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16
Q

C7 myotome

A

Elbow extension

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17
Q

C8 myotome

A

Finger flexion

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18
Q

T1 myotome

A

Finger abduction

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19
Q

T1-T12 myotome

A

Chest wall/abs

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20
Q

L2 myotome

A

Hip flexion

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21
Q

L3 myotome

A

Knee extension

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22
Q

L4 myotome

A

Ankle dorsi flexion

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23
Q

L5 myotome

A

Toe extension

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24
Q

S1 myotome

A

Ankle plantarflexion

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25
Q

S3-S5 myotome

A

Bladder, bowel, sexual organ

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26
Q

What does metal show up as on a radiograph?

A

White image

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27
Q

What is the gray area on a radiograph?

A

Soft tissue/skin

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28
Q

What is anatomical position?

A

Head, eyes and toes directed forward.

Upper limbs by sides palms facing forward.

Feet parallel and toes directed anteriorly.

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29
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

Bones of the head, neck and trunk

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30
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones of the limbs, shoulder, pelvic girdles

31
Q

What is bone?

A

A living tissue, protects vital structures, support for body, storage of salts, new blood cell supply

32
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Resilient avascular type of connective tissue that forms in parts of the skeleton where more flexibility is necessary

33
Q

Cleavage lines?

A

Keep skin taut, little scarring if surgical incisions are made parallel to these

34
Q

What are stretch marks?

A

Damage to the collagen fibers in the dermis when skin is stretched too far

35
Q

Burns?

A

Tissue injuries caused by thermal, electrical, radioactive or chemical agents

1st degree is superficial
2nd degree is epidermis and part of dermis
3rd degree is epidermis, dermis and parts of muscle potentially

36
Q

Heterotrophic bones?

A

Bones formed in soft tissues where they are not normally present. Horse riders bones due to chronic muscle strain

37
Q

Bone adaptation

A

Bleed when injured, bleed when fractured, change with age

Have blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

38
Q

Bone degeneration

A

Osteoporosis, reduction in the quality of the bone, bones fracture easily

39
Q

Bone trauma and repair

A

Broken ends of a fracture must be brought together (reduction of a fracture)

40
Q

All bones are derived from what?

A

Mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue)

41
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

Direct ossification of the Mesenchyme begins in her fetal period

42
Q

What is enchondral ossification?

A

Cartilage models of bones form from Mesenchyme during the fetal period and bone subsequently replaces most of the cartilage

43
Q

What is the primary ossification center?

A

Diaphysis

44
Q

Where are secondary ossification centers?

A

Epiphyses

45
Q

What are accessory bones?

A

When additional ossification centers appear and form extra bones

46
Q

Avascular neurosis?

A

Loss of blood supply to an epiphysis or other parts of the bone

47
Q

Degenerative joint disease?

A

Osteoarthrosis is accompanied by stiffness, discomfort, pain

Osteoarthritis hips and knees in older individuals

48
Q

What is a joint?

A

Articulation or place of union between two or more rigid components (bones, cartilages, or parts of the same bone)

49
Q

The articulating bones of fibrous joints are united by

A

Fibrous tissue

50
Q

Syndesmosis type of fibrous joint unites the bones with a sheet of

A

Fibrous tissue either a ligament or fibrous membrane (partially moveable)

51
Q

Gomphosis

A

Type of fibrous joint that is peg like and stabilizes our teeth

52
Q

Cartilaginous joints are united by

A

Hyaline or fibrocartilage

53
Q

Primary cartilaginous joints are united by

A

Hyaline cartilage

54
Q

Secondary cartilaginous joints

A

Are strong slightly moveable mobile joints united by fibrocartilage

55
Q

Syndesmosis joint

A

Bones are joined by an interosseous ligament or a sheet of fibrous tissue (joining forearm bones)

56
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Bony epiphysis and body are joined by an epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage)

57
Q

Symphysis

A

Binding tissue is a fibrocartilage nous disc (ex between two vertebrae)

58
Q

Synovial joint

A

Most common and important

Free movement between bones they join

The two bones are separated by the characteristic joint cavity

59
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Atlanto axial joint (condylar)

Zygaphophyseal

60
Q

Testing for muscle action

A

Against resistance, electromyography

61
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Pathological death of myocardial tissue after a heart attack

62
Q

Arteries carry blood

A

Away from the heart

63
Q

Abnormally swollen twisted veins

A

Varicose veins

64
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of arteries

Atherosclerosis is buildup of cholesterol in arterial walls

65
Q

Winged scapula

A

Paralysis of the serratus anterior

66
Q

Primary curvatures of the spine

A

Thoracic and sacral

67
Q

Secondary curvatures of the spine

A

Cervical and lumbar spines

68
Q

Kyphosis

A

Thoracic humpback

69
Q

Lordosis

A

Lumbar region during pregnancy occurs

70
Q

Scoliosis

A

Curved back (lateral curvature)

71
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical excision of one or more spinous processes and their supporting laminae

72
Q

Vertebrae fractures

A

Sudden forceful flexion (automobile accident)

73
Q

Spina bifida

A

Laminae of L5 fail to develop normally and fuse

74
Q

Whiplash

A

Sever hyper extension of the neck, rear end automobile accident

75
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament limits

A

Extension of the vertebral column

76
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament prevents

A

Hyperflexion

Gross Anatomy (16 decks)

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