Spinal Cord 1

Question 1

Why do we have a cervical enlargement?

Answer 1

Brachial plexus (innervation of upper limb)

Question 2

Why do we have the lumbosacral enlargement?

Answer 2

Lumbosacral plexus (Innervation of the lower limb)

Question 3

The spinal cord ends at the level of ___/___.

Answer 3

L1/L2

Question 4

Vertebral level (is/is not) the same as SC level.

Answer 4

is NOT

Question 5

Spinal nerves exit at their respective ________ level.

Answer 5

vertebral

Question 6

What level of the SC has the most white matter?

Answer 6

cervical

Question 7

What level of the SC are the anterior horns very small?

Answer 7

thoracic

Question 8

What level of the SC has very large anterior horns?

Answer 8

lumbar

Question 9

What are the 3 major functions of the SC?

Answer 9

1. Conduit
2. Reflexes
3. Locomotion

Question 10

_______ ______ = sensory (fine touch proprioception rom ipsilateral lower limb)

Answer 10

fasciculus gracilis

Question 11

_______ _______ = sensory (fine touch, proprioception from ipsilateral upper limb)

Answer 11

fasciculus cuneatus

Question 12

______ ______ = proprioception from limbs to cerebellum

Answer 12

spinocerebellar tract

Question 13

_____ _______ ______ = motor to ipsilateral ventral horn, mostly limb musculature.

Answer 13

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 14

_________ ______ = pain and temp from contralateral side of the body

Answer 14

spinothalamaic tract

Question 15

______ _______ _____ = motor to ipsi and contralateral ventral horn, mostly axial musculature

Answer 15

anterior corticospinal tract

Question 16

The _________ corticospinal tract plays a role in postural adjustment.

Answer 16

anterior

Question 17

The ________ corticospinal tract plays a role in skilled movement of the extremities.

Answer 17

lateral

Question 18

The __________ tract originates in the primary motor cortex and is an UMN.

Answer 18

corticospinal

Question 19

The UMN synapses in the SC with a ______ ________ ______.

Answer 19

lower motor neuron

Question 20

Where does the CST cross over to the contralateral side?

Answer 20

pyramidal decussation (caudal medulla)

Question 21

Motor fibers travel ______ in the brainstem.

Answer 21

anteriorly

Question 22

What is the main tract that compensates for balance?

Answer 22

vestibulospinal tracts

Question 23

The ______ vestibulospinal tract sends signals to neck muscles.

Answer 23

medial

Question 24

The _______ vestibulospinal tract sends signals to flexors and extensors.

Answer 24

lateral

Question 25

When we see something of interest, this is mapped to our environment in the _______ _______.

Answer 25

superior colliculus

Question 26

Through what tract does info from the superior colliculus travel to neck musculature?

Answer 26

tectospinal

Question 27

Muscle tone is determined by activity of the _______ ______ and _____ MNs.

Answer 27

muscle spindle; gamma

Question 28

Through what two tracts do gamma MNs receive input from brainstem structures?

Answer 28

1. reticulospinal tract

2. lateral vestibulospinal tract

Question 29

Both the lateral vestibulospinal tract and reticulospinal tract have _________ innervation.

Answer 29

bilateral

Question 30

The _____ _____ _____ are an automated sequence of MN activation to allow for locomotion by generation of repetitive cycles of flexor and extensor activation.

Answer 30

CPGs

Question 31

What environmental cues can CPGs respond to?

Answer 31

1. Proprioceptors (regulate timing of stepping patterns)

2. Skin receptors (allow for adaptation to obstacles)