Cerebellum

Question 1

What are the two most important structures giving i input into the upper motor neuron system (UMNS)?

Answer 1

1. basal ganglia

2. cerebellum

Question 2

What tract connects the UMNS with the LMNS?

Answer 2

corticospinal tract

Question 3

What 3 tracts are included in the LMNS?

Answer 3

1. reticulospinal tract
2. rurospinal tract
3. vestibulospinal tract

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of the cerebellum?

Answer 4

1. vermis
2. anterior lobe
3. posterior lobe

Question 5

The ________ is part of the anterior and posterior lobe

Answer 5

vermis

Question 6

The __________ lobe is made up by the nodule and the floccula

Answer 6

flocculonodular lobe

Question 7

How many cerebellar peduncles are there, and what structure do they connect the cerebellum to?

Answer 7

3; pons

Question 8

What 4 things does the cerebellum do?

Answer 8

1. receives and interprets proprioceptive info
2. coordinates balance (tightly linked ti vestibular nuclei)
3. coordinates fine movement, eye-hand coordination
4. predicts the sensory consequences of movement

Question 9

Cerebellum is the ______ and ________ of cortical output.

Answer 9

coordinator; predictor

Question 10

Cerebellum is critical for the skilled manipulation of _______ and _______ concepts.

Answer 10

muscles; mental

Question 11

Cerebellar _________ = not speaking due to cerebellar damage

Answer 11

mutism

Question 12

What 3 input does the cerebellum receive?

Answer 12

1. cortical
2. proprioceptive
3. vestibular

Question 13

The cerebellum receives afferents from the vestibular nuclei and they project to the _________ and ____________ lobes.

Answer 13

paravermis; flocculonodular

Question 14

The vestibular input to the cerebellum provides info regarding the position of the ______ and ______ in space.

Answer 14

head; body

Question 15

The vestibular input helps orient eye movements during ________.

Answer 15

locomotion

Question 16

The cerebellum receives ___ and ___ fibers from muscle spindles and ___ fibres from GTO’s.

Answer 16

Ia ;II; Ib

Question 17

Proprioception from ______ column and cuneocerebellar fibers reach the posterior spinocerebellar trac though the ______.

Answer 17

ICP

Question 18

Information from _____ _____ cells reach the anterior spinocerebellar tract through SCP.

Answer 18

spinal border

Question 19

Where does proprioceptive information going to the cerebellum terminate?

Answer 19

anterior lobe and vermis

Question 20

Proprioceptive info terminating in the anterior lobe carries info from the ____ and proprioceptive info terminating in the vermis carries info from the _______.

Answer 20

limbs; trunk

Question 21

Cortex projects to the ______ nuclei, which project to the cerebellar hemispheres via the _________ tract through the MCP.

Answer 21

pontine; pontocerebellar

Question 22

What does info form the pontocerebellar tract carry?

Answer 22

fine motor control of upper extremity, dexterous hand movement, hand eye coordination

Question 23

__________ = afferents arising from the olive project to the entire cerebellar cortex; climbing fibers

Answer 23

olivocerebellar fibers

Question 24

Outflow from the cerebellum is via the _____ cerebellar nuclei

Answer 24

deep

Question 25

From the dentist nucleus to the red nucleus to the thalamus to the cortex = __________ tract

Answer 25

dentatorubrothalamic tract

Question 26

The dentatorubrothalamic tract projects to the _________ nuclei and the ______.

Answer 26

vestibular; olives

Question 27

Archicerebellum (vestibulocerebellum) = what lobes and what does it control?

Answer 27

flocculonodular lobe; vermis; and trunk control

Question 28

Paleocerebellum (spinocerebellum) = what lobes and what does it control?

Answer 28

vermis and anterior lobe; synergistic movement of extremities

Question 29

Neocerebellum (cerebrocerebellum) = what lobe and what does it control?

Answer 29

posterior lobe; topographical representation of the extremities, areas for eye movements and speech and coordination of intricate and complex movements

Question 30

What are the 3 cerebellar loops?

Answer 30

1. vestibulocerebellar connections 2. spinocerebellar connections 3. cerebrocerebellar connections

Question 31

What 3 things do the cerebellar loops allow?

Answer 31

1. coordinated, balanced and smooth movement 2. anticipation of movement 3. predictions that feed back to cortex

Question 32

__________ loop = info about balance reaches cerebellum (FN lobe and paravermis)

Answer 32

vestibulocerebellar

Question 33

Where does the feedback from the vestibulocerebellar lobe go to?

Answer 33

vestibular nuclei and SC

Question 34

Proprioception from SC --> cerebellum = __________ loop

Answer 34

spinocerebellar loop

Question 35

Trunkal stability: The connection from the cerebellum to the brainstem is _______ and direct

Answer 35

bilateral

Question 36

For voluntary movement, input to cerebellum is _______, but input from cerebellum --> cortex is ______.

Answer 36

ipsilateral; contralateral

Question 37

In the spinocerebellar loop, proprioceptive info enters the _______ lobe and _____.

Answer 37

anterior; vermis

Question 38

________ loop = correction and fine tuning of ongoing movement patterns

Answer 38

spinocerebellar

Question 39

_______ = info from cortex to pontine nuclei cross over to contralateral cerebellum

Answer 39

cerebrocerebellar

Question 40

__________ _____ = feedback to red nucleus, thalamus and cortex

Answer 40

cerebrocerebellar loop

Question 41

In the cerebrocerebellar loop. the ___ ______ is a major relay nucleus

Answer 41

red nucleus

Question 42

In the cerebrocerebellar loop, the _______ project to all of the cerebellum, receive input from all loops, and calculate feed forward loops

Answer 42

olives

Question 43

cerebrocerebellar loop = _____ of cortical ouput

Answer 43

automation

Question 44

What are the symptoms of midline cerebellar disease?

Answer 44

1. gait difficulty 2. truncal imbalance (wide-based irregular steps, veers to one side) 3. abnormal head postures (head tilt) 4. oculomotor dysfunction (nystagmus)

Question 45

Symptoms of flocculonodular node lesions?

Answer 45

1. truncal ataxia | 2. nystagmus

Question 46

In lateral cerebellar disease, the _______ lobe is effected

Answer 46

posterior

Question 47

What is the function of the posterior lobe?

Answer 47

1. areas for eye movement and speech | 2. coordination of intricate and complex movements

Question 48

_______ = inability to do precise calculation, leading to an overshoot or undershoot

Answer 48

dysmetria

Question 49

___________ = can no longer do the rapid agonist-antagonist action

Answer 49

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 50

Lesions to the _______ lobe = affects spinocerebellar input and leads to gait ataxia

Answer 50

anterior

Question 51

________ is toxic to Purkinje cells

Answer 51

ethanol

Question 52

The ________ lobe is most affected by ethanol

Answer 52

Purkinje

Question 53

Impairment of judging ______ _______ as a deficit in rapid, automatic processing.

Answer 53

facial expression

Question 54

_______ _____ as a deficit in automatic grammatical and semantic adjustments

Answer 54

language deficits

Question 55

________ _______ as an exaggeration or diminution of responses to the environment as an impairment in the implicit and automatic processing of emotions.

Answer 55

neuropsychiatric manifestations

Question 56

What are the 4 interactions between the cerebellum and cognitive cortical networks?

Answer 56

1. communication with non-motor, cognitive associative ares 2. interaction with the salience network 3. interaction with the cerebral executive control circuity 4. interaction with the default-mode network