Cerebellum Flashcards
What are the two most important structures giving i input into the upper motor neuron system (UMNS)?
- basal ganglia
2. cerebellum
What tract connects the UMNS with the LMNS?
corticospinal tract
What 3 tracts are included in the LMNS?
- reticulospinal tract
- rurospinal tract
- vestibulospinal tract
What are the 3 parts of the cerebellum?
- vermis
- anterior lobe
- posterior lobe
The ________ is part of the anterior and posterior lobe
vermis
The __________ lobe is made up by the nodule and the floccula
flocculonodular lobe
How many cerebellar peduncles are there, and what structure do they connect the cerebellum to?
3; pons
What 4 things does the cerebellum do?
- receives and interprets proprioceptive info
- coordinates balance (tightly linked ti vestibular nuclei)
- coordinates fine movement, eye-hand coordination
- predicts the sensory consequences of movement
Cerebellum is the ______ and ________ of cortical output.
coordinator; predictor
Cerebellum is critical for the skilled manipulation of _______ and _______ concepts.
muscles; mental
Cerebellar _________ = not speaking due to cerebellar damage
mutism
What 3 input does the cerebellum receive?
- cortical
- proprioceptive
- vestibular
The cerebellum receives afferents from the vestibular nuclei and they project to the _________ and ____________ lobes.
paravermis; flocculonodular
The vestibular input to the cerebellum provides info regarding the position of the ______ and ______ in space.
head; body
The vestibular input helps orient eye movements during ________.
locomotion
The cerebellum receives ___ and ___ fibers from muscle spindles and ___ fibres from GTO’s.
Ia ;II; Ib
Proprioception from ______ column and cuneocerebellar fibers reach the posterior spinocerebellar trac though the ______.
ICP
Information from _____ _____ cells reach the anterior spinocerebellar tract through SCP.
spinal border
Where does proprioceptive information going to the cerebellum terminate?
anterior lobe and vermis
Proprioceptive info terminating in the anterior lobe carries info from the ____ and proprioceptive info terminating in the vermis carries info from the _______.
limbs; trunk
Cortex projects to the ______ nuclei, which project to the cerebellar hemispheres via the _________ tract through the MCP.
pontine; pontocerebellar
What does info form the pontocerebellar tract carry?
fine motor control of upper extremity, dexterous hand movement, hand eye coordination
__________ = afferents arising from the olive project to the entire cerebellar cortex; climbing fibers
olivocerebellar fibers
Outflow from the cerebellum is via the _____ cerebellar nuclei
deep
From the dentist nucleus to the red nucleus to the thalamus to the cortex = __________ tract
dentatorubrothalamic tract
The dentatorubrothalamic tract projects to the _________ nuclei and the ______.
vestibular; olives
Archicerebellum (vestibulocerebellum) = what lobes and what does it control?
flocculonodular lobe; vermis; and trunk control
Paleocerebellum (spinocerebellum) = what lobes and what does it control?
vermis and anterior lobe; synergistic movement of extremities
Neocerebellum (cerebrocerebellum) = what lobe and what does it control?
posterior lobe; topographical representation of the extremities, areas for eye movements and speech and coordination of intricate and complex movements
What are the 3 cerebellar loops?
- vestibulocerebellar connections
- spinocerebellar connections
- cerebrocerebellar connections
What 3 things do the cerebellar loops allow?
- coordinated, balanced and smooth movement
- anticipation of movement
- predictions that feed back to cortex
__________ loop = info about balance reaches cerebellum (FN lobe and paravermis)
vestibulocerebellar
Where does the feedback from the vestibulocerebellar lobe go to?
vestibular nuclei and SC
Proprioception from SC –> cerebellum = __________ loop
spinocerebellar loop
Trunkal stability: The connection from the cerebellum to the brainstem is _______ and direct
bilateral
For voluntary movement, input to cerebellum is _______, but input from cerebellum –> cortex is ______.
ipsilateral; contralateral
In the spinocerebellar loop, proprioceptive info enters the _______ lobe and _____.
anterior; vermis
________ loop = correction and fine tuning of ongoing movement patterns
spinocerebellar
_______ = info from cortex to pontine nuclei cross over to contralateral cerebellum
cerebrocerebellar
__________ _____ = feedback to red nucleus, thalamus and cortex
cerebrocerebellar loop
In the cerebrocerebellar loop. the ___ ______ is a major relay nucleus
red nucleus
In the cerebrocerebellar loop, the _______ project to all of the cerebellum, receive input from all loops, and calculate feed forward loops
olives
cerebrocerebellar loop = _____ of cortical ouput
automation
What are the symptoms of midline cerebellar disease?
- gait difficulty
- truncal imbalance (wide-based irregular steps, veers to one side)
- abnormal head postures (head tilt)
- oculomotor dysfunction (nystagmus)
Symptoms of flocculonodular node lesions?
- truncal ataxia
2. nystagmus
In lateral cerebellar disease, the _______ lobe is effected
posterior
What is the function of the posterior lobe?
- areas for eye movement and speech
2. coordination of intricate and complex movements
_______ = inability to do precise calculation, leading to an overshoot or undershoot
dysmetria
___________ = can no longer do the rapid agonist-antagonist action
dysdiadochokinesia
Lesions to the _______ lobe = affects spinocerebellar input and leads to gait ataxia
anterior
________ is toxic to Purkinje cells
ethanol
The ________ lobe is most affected by ethanol
Purkinje
Impairment of judging ______ _______ as a deficit in rapid, automatic processing.
facial expression
_______ _____ as a deficit in automatic grammatical and semantic adjustments
language deficits
________ _______ as an exaggeration or diminution of responses to the environment as an impairment in the implicit and automatic processing of emotions.
neuropsychiatric manifestations
What are the 4 interactions between the cerebellum and cognitive cortical networks?
- communication with non-motor, cognitive associative ares
- interaction with the salience network
- interaction with the cerebral executive control circuity
- interaction with the default-mode network
