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RHSC 420 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two most important structures giving i input into the upper motor neuron system (UMNS)?

A
  1. basal ganglia

2. cerebellum

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2
Q

What tract connects the UMNS with the LMNS?

A

corticospinal tract

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3
Q

What 3 tracts are included in the LMNS?

A
  1. reticulospinal tract
  2. rurospinal tract
  3. vestibulospinal tract
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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cerebellum?

A
  1. vermis
  2. anterior lobe
  3. posterior lobe
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5
Q

The ________ is part of the anterior and posterior lobe

A

vermis

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6
Q

The __________ lobe is made up by the nodule and the floccula

A

flocculonodular lobe

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7
Q

How many cerebellar peduncles are there, and what structure do they connect the cerebellum to?

A

3; pons

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8
Q

What 4 things does the cerebellum do?

A
  1. receives and interprets proprioceptive info
  2. coordinates balance (tightly linked ti vestibular nuclei)
  3. coordinates fine movement, eye-hand coordination
  4. predicts the sensory consequences of movement
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9
Q

Cerebellum is the ______ and ________ of cortical output.

A

coordinator; predictor

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10
Q

Cerebellum is critical for the skilled manipulation of _______ and _______ concepts.

A

muscles; mental

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11
Q

Cerebellar _________ = not speaking due to cerebellar damage

A

mutism

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12
Q

What 3 input does the cerebellum receive?

A
  1. cortical
  2. proprioceptive
  3. vestibular
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13
Q

The cerebellum receives afferents from the vestibular nuclei and they project to the _________ and ____________ lobes.

A

paravermis; flocculonodular

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14
Q

The vestibular input to the cerebellum provides info regarding the position of the ______ and ______ in space.

A

head; body

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15
Q

The vestibular input helps orient eye movements during ________.

A

locomotion

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16
Q

The cerebellum receives ___ and ___ fibers from muscle spindles and ___ fibres from GTO’s.

A

Ia ;II; Ib

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17
Q

Proprioception from ______ column and cuneocerebellar fibers reach the posterior spinocerebellar trac though the ______.

A

ICP

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18
Q

Information from _____ _____ cells reach the anterior spinocerebellar tract through SCP.

A

spinal border

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19
Q

Where does proprioceptive information going to the cerebellum terminate?

A

anterior lobe and vermis

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20
Q

Proprioceptive info terminating in the anterior lobe carries info from the ____ and proprioceptive info terminating in the vermis carries info from the _______.

A

limbs; trunk

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21
Q

Cortex projects to the ______ nuclei, which project to the cerebellar hemispheres via the _________ tract through the MCP.

A

pontine; pontocerebellar

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22
Q

What does info form the pontocerebellar tract carry?

A

fine motor control of upper extremity, dexterous hand movement, hand eye coordination

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23
Q

__________ = afferents arising from the olive project to the entire cerebellar cortex; climbing fibers

A

olivocerebellar fibers

24
Q

Outflow from the cerebellum is via the _____ cerebellar nuclei

A

deep

25
Q

From the dentist nucleus to the red nucleus to the thalamus to the cortex = __________ tract

A

dentatorubrothalamic tract

26
Q

The dentatorubrothalamic tract projects to the _________ nuclei and the ______.

A

vestibular; olives

27
Q

Archicerebellum (vestibulocerebellum) = what lobes and what does it control?

A

flocculonodular lobe; vermis; and trunk control

28
Q

Paleocerebellum (spinocerebellum) = what lobes and what does it control?

A

vermis and anterior lobe; synergistic movement of extremities

29
Q

Neocerebellum (cerebrocerebellum) = what lobe and what does it control?

A

posterior lobe; topographical representation of the extremities, areas for eye movements and speech and coordination of intricate and complex movements

30
Q

What are the 3 cerebellar loops?

A
  1. vestibulocerebellar connections
  2. spinocerebellar connections
  3. cerebrocerebellar connections
31
Q

What 3 things do the cerebellar loops allow?

A
  1. coordinated, balanced and smooth movement
  2. anticipation of movement
  3. predictions that feed back to cortex
32
Q

__________ loop = info about balance reaches cerebellum (FN lobe and paravermis)

A

vestibulocerebellar

33
Q

Where does the feedback from the vestibulocerebellar lobe go to?

A

vestibular nuclei and SC

34
Q

Proprioception from SC –> cerebellum = __________ loop

A

spinocerebellar loop

35
Q

Trunkal stability: The connection from the cerebellum to the brainstem is _______ and direct

A

bilateral

36
Q

For voluntary movement, input to cerebellum is _______, but input from cerebellum –> cortex is ______.

A

ipsilateral; contralateral

37
Q

In the spinocerebellar loop, proprioceptive info enters the _______ lobe and _____.

A

anterior; vermis

38
Q

________ loop = correction and fine tuning of ongoing movement patterns

A

spinocerebellar

39
Q

_______ = info from cortex to pontine nuclei cross over to contralateral cerebellum

A

cerebrocerebellar

40
Q

__________ _____ = feedback to red nucleus, thalamus and cortex

A

cerebrocerebellar loop

41
Q

In the cerebrocerebellar loop. the ___ ______ is a major relay nucleus

A

red nucleus

42
Q

In the cerebrocerebellar loop, the _______ project to all of the cerebellum, receive input from all loops, and calculate feed forward loops

A

olives

43
Q

cerebrocerebellar loop = _____ of cortical ouput

A

automation

44
Q

What are the symptoms of midline cerebellar disease?

A
  1. gait difficulty
  2. truncal imbalance (wide-based irregular steps, veers to one side)
  3. abnormal head postures (head tilt)
  4. oculomotor dysfunction (nystagmus)
45
Q

Symptoms of flocculonodular node lesions?

A
  1. truncal ataxia

2. nystagmus

46
Q

In lateral cerebellar disease, the _______ lobe is effected

A

posterior

47
Q

What is the function of the posterior lobe?

A
  1. areas for eye movement and speech

2. coordination of intricate and complex movements

48
Q

_______ = inability to do precise calculation, leading to an overshoot or undershoot

A

dysmetria

49
Q

___________ = can no longer do the rapid agonist-antagonist action

A

dysdiadochokinesia

50
Q

Lesions to the _______ lobe = affects spinocerebellar input and leads to gait ataxia

A

anterior

51
Q

________ is toxic to Purkinje cells

A

ethanol

52
Q

The ________ lobe is most affected by ethanol

A

Purkinje

53
Q

Impairment of judging ______ _______ as a deficit in rapid, automatic processing.

A

facial expression

54
Q

_______ _____ as a deficit in automatic grammatical and semantic adjustments

A

language deficits

55
Q

________ _______ as an exaggeration or diminution of responses to the environment as an impairment in the implicit and automatic processing of emotions.

A

neuropsychiatric manifestations

56
Q

What are the 4 interactions between the cerebellum and cognitive cortical networks?

A
  1. communication with non-motor, cognitive associative ares
  2. interaction with the salience network
  3. interaction with the cerebral executive control circuity
  4. interaction with the default-mode network

RHSC 420 (11 decks)

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