Development and overview of the CNS Flashcards
_______ marks the beginning of the formation of the CNS and is the process by which the neural plate forms into a neural tube.
neurulation
A _______ is an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve or spinal segment.
dermatome
Do dermatomes overlap?
yes!
A ________ is an area of muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve or spinal segment.
myotome
The afferent input to the brain includes both _____ and _______.
somatic; visceral
The efferent output from the brain includes both _____ motor and _____ motor.
somatic; visceral
What are the two hemispheres of the brain connected by?
commissural fibres (corpus callosum)
White matter = ______ _____ grey matter = _____ ______.
fibre tracts; cell bodies
What are the 3 types of fibres making up the connectome?
- Projection
- Association
- Commissural
The _______ fibres connect to and from the cortex.
projection
The _______ and ______ fibres connect from one area of the cortex to another.
association and commissural
What are the two different layers of dura matter?
- periosteal
2. meningeal
What are the 3 spaces between the skill and cerebral cortex?
- Epidural
- Subdural
- Subarachnoid
What artery is located in the epidural space?
middle meningeal
When does a subdural hematoma occur?
When violent shaking of the head severs the veins connecting to the dural sinuses (shaken baby syndrome)
When does a subarachnoid hematoma occur?
Hemorrhagic stroke or bleeding of an arterial aneurysm
What are the true vs. potential spaces?
- True = subarachnoid space
- Potential = epidural and subdural space
Name the structures in the brainstem, from superior to inferior.
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
Where do first order neurons cross?
medulla
Wheredo second order neurons cross?
spinal cord
Where do third order neurons cross?
thalamus and cortex
What do first order neurons detect?
discriminative touch, vibration, pressure
What do second order neurones detect?
pain and temp
Where do fibre tracks cross?
in the midline
What are the 5 lobes in the brain?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Limbic
What is the hindbrain made of?
pons, medulla and cerebellum
What is the telencephalon comprised of?
Cerebral hemispheres, deep structures
What is the diencephalon comprised of?
thalamus, hypothalamus and subthalamus
The _______ ______ separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres.
longitudinal fissure
The _____ ______ separates frontal and parietal lobes.
central sulcus
The _____ _____ separates the frontal and parietal lobes.
lateral fissure
The _____-_______ ______ is on the medial side of the brain and separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes.
parieto-occipital sulcus
The ________ _______ is on the medial surface in the occipital lobe.
calcarine fissure
The _____ _____ is anterior to the central sulcus and is the primary motor area.
precentral gyrus
The ______ ______ gyrus is posterior to the central sulcus and is the primary somatosensory area,
postcentral gyrus
What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord, and what spinal segments are they?
- cervical enlargement (C4-5 - T1)
2. Lumbosacral enlargement (L2-S3)
The _______ ______ = tapered end of the spinal cord.
conus medullaris
The _____ _____ is the extension of the pia and supporting cells and anchors the spinal cord to the dorsal of the coccyx.
filum terminale
Where do ventral nerve roots exit on the spinal cord?
anterolateral sulcus
Where do dorsal nerve roots enter on the spinal cord?
posterolateral sulcus
The _______ _____ are thickenings of the pia and glial elements, and form ribbons along lateral surface of the spinal cord between dorsal and ventral rootlets.
denticulate ligaments
The _______ _______ attaches the spinal cord and suspends it untie dura/arachnoid tube.
denticulate ligements
Where is CSF produced?
choroid plexus
How are the 4 ventricles connected?
view cerebral aqueducts and interventricular foramen.
Where does CSF leave the ventricles?
via 3 apertures it the 4th ventricle.
Where is CSF reabsorbed?
dural venous sinuses
What structures are located within the basal ganglia?
- Caudate (cerebrum)
- Putamen (cerebrum)
- Globus pallidus (cerebrum)
- Substantia nigra (midbrain)
- Subthalamic nucleus (diencephalon)
What are two deep structures of the limbic system?
- hippocampus
2. amygdala
