Pain

Question 1

What are 4 theories of pain?

Answer 1

1. specificity theory of pain
2. intensity theory of pain
3. pattern theory of pain
4. gate control theory of pain

Question 2

_____ fibers = myelinated, localizes sharp first pain

Answer 2

Ad

Question 3

Ad fibers = intense _______ and _______ stimulation

Answer 3

mechanical; thermal

Question 4

___ fibers = unmyelinated, poor localized diffuse second pain.

Answer 4

C

Question 5

C fibers = code for what 3 things?

Answer 5

1. mechanical
2. thermal
3. chemical

Question 6

Tissue injury causes the release of what 4 things, which stimulate the C fibres?

Answer 6

1. bradykinin
2. 5-HT
3. protaglandins
4. K+

Question 7

Active C fibers release _____ and substance ___ which stimulates mast cells, which release histamine.

Answer 7

CGRP; P

Question 8

CGRP and substance P released by C fibers causes the ______ of blood vessels.

Answer 8

dilation

Question 9

A delta and C fibers synapse in the _____ horn of the SC in a complex network of projection ______ and _______.

Answer 9

posterior; neurons; interneurons

Question 10

The posterior horn is the first site of pain _______.

Answer 10

modulation

Question 11

What fibers synapse on nociceptor specific neurons?

Answer 11

A delta and C fibers

Question 12

What fibers synapse on the WDRN?

Answer 12

Ad, Ab, and C

Question 13

________ receive diverse input, and they play a role in pain modulation.

Answer 13

interneurons

Question 14

____ neurons can fire APs in a graded fashion.

Answer 14

WDR

Question 15

WDR neurons are dependent on __ fiber signalling.

Answer 15

C

Question 16

____-__ can leave to sensitization.

Answer 16

wind up

Question 17

Wind-Up refers to the amplification system that responds to repeated __ fiber activity

Answer 17

C

Question 18

The input of the Ab fiber onto the interneuron leads to (more/less) inhibition of the WDRN.

Answer 18

MORE

Question 19

The input of the C fibre onto the interneuron leads to (more/less) inhibition of the WDRN.

Answer 19

LESS

Question 20

The ____-____theory has to do with prioritizing pain.

Answer 20

gate-control

Question 21

________ system = comprises all fibers carrying pain and temp from the SC to the brainstem and thalamus.

Answer 21

anterolateral

Question 22

_____ tract comprises only the fibers projecting from the spinal cord to the thalamus.

Answer 22

spinothalamic

Question 23

What are the 5 ascending pain systems that are part of the anterolateral system?

Answer 23

1. spinothalamic
2. spinomesenchephalic
3. spinoreticular
4. spinobulbar
5. spinohypothalamic

Question 24

Where does the spinomesencephalic tract go to?

Answer 24

PAG in midbrain

Question 25

The _____ system of the spinothalamic tract = affective motivational component

Answer 25

medial

Question 26

The ______ system of the spinothalamic tract = discriminative localization of pain

Answer 26

lateral

Question 27

Where does the medial system of the STT go to?

Answer 27

limbic system association cortices

Question 28

Where does the lateral system of the STT go to?

Answer 28

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 29

Convergence of pain afferents and descending modulation occurs in the _____ horn.

Answer 29

posterior

Question 30

What are the 3 types of chronic pain?

Answer 30

1. nociceptive/inflammatory pain 2. neuropathic pain 3. idiopathic pain

Question 31

Athritis pain is an example of chronic _______ pain.

Answer 31

inflammatory

Question 32

postherpetic neuralgia = example of chronic _________ pain.

Answer 32

neuropathic

Question 33

________ = idiopathic pain

Answer 33

fibromyalgia

Question 34

What are 3 possible mechanisms that occur in idiopathic pain?

Answer 34

1. central sensitization 2. allodynia 3. hyperalgesia

Question 35

What are 2 maladaptive mechanisms that occur in chronic pain?

Answer 35

1. peripheral | 2. central

Question 36

______ sensitization = wind-up, overexpression of receptors

Answer 36

peripheral

Question 37

______ sensitization = changes in ion channel expression, changes in NT receptors, disinhibition

Answer 37

central

Question 38

What are 3 things that occur in central sensitization?

Answer 38

1. parenthesis, dyesthesias 2. hyperalgesia 3. allodynia

Question 39

_______ and _______ = increased spontaneous activity

Answer 39

parethesias; dyesthesias

Question 40

_______ = reduced threshold for pain perception

Answer 40

hyperalgesia

Question 41

_______ = non-noxious stimuli are interpreted as pain

Answer 41

allodynia

Question 42

Allodynia = misdirected sprouting of ___ _____ fibres.

Answer 42

A beta

Question 43

_____ pain = burning, shooting, electrical

Answer 43

neuropathic

Question 44

______ pain = squeezing, throbbing, aching

Answer 44

nociceptive

Question 45

______ pain = pain perceived in regions innervated by nerves other than those that innervate the site of noxious stimulation

Answer 45

referred

Question 46

_______ pain = where stimulation of a sensory nerve along it's path may induce pain that is projected to the tissue innervated by the stimulated nerve.

Answer 46

projected

Question 47

For viscera, information about physiological functions travel with _______ fibres.

Answer 47

parasympathetic fibers

Question 48

For viscera, information about pain travels with ______ fibers.

Answer 48

sympathetic

Question 49

Referred pain can be from visceral nerve to ______ area, and it can be somatic nerve to ______ area.

Answer 49

somatic (dermatome)