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RHSC 420 > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 theories of pain?

A
  1. specificity theory of pain
  2. intensity theory of pain
  3. pattern theory of pain
  4. gate control theory of pain
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2
Q

_____ fibers = myelinated, localizes sharp first pain

A

Ad

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3
Q

Ad fibers = intense _______ and _______ stimulation

A

mechanical; thermal

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4
Q

___ fibers = unmyelinated, poor localized diffuse second pain.

A

C

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5
Q

C fibers = code for what 3 things?

A
  1. mechanical
  2. thermal
  3. chemical
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6
Q

Tissue injury causes the release of what 4 things, which stimulate the C fibres?

A
  1. bradykinin
  2. 5-HT
  3. protaglandins
  4. K+
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7
Q

Active C fibers release _____ and substance ___ which stimulates mast cells, which release histamine.

A

CGRP; P

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8
Q

CGRP and substance P released by C fibers causes the ______ of blood vessels.

A

dilation

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9
Q

A delta and C fibers synapse in the _____ horn of the SC in a complex network of projection ______ and _______.

A

posterior; neurons; interneurons

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10
Q

The posterior horn is the first site of pain _______.

A

modulation

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11
Q

What fibers synapse on nociceptor specific neurons?

A

A delta and C fibers

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12
Q

What fibers synapse on the WDRN?

A

Ad, Ab, and C

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13
Q

________ receive diverse input, and they play a role in pain modulation.

A

interneurons

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14
Q

____ neurons can fire APs in a graded fashion.

A

WDR

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15
Q

WDR neurons are dependent on __ fiber signalling.

A

C

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16
Q

____-__ can leave to sensitization.

A

wind up

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17
Q

Wind-Up refers to the amplification system that responds to repeated __ fiber activity

A

C

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18
Q

The input of the Ab fiber onto the interneuron leads to (more/less) inhibition of the WDRN.

A

MORE

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19
Q

The input of the C fibre onto the interneuron leads to (more/less) inhibition of the WDRN.

A

LESS

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20
Q

The ____-____theory has to do with prioritizing pain.

A

gate-control

21
Q

________ system = comprises all fibers carrying pain and temp from the SC to the brainstem and thalamus.

A

anterolateral

22
Q

_____ tract comprises only the fibers projecting from the spinal cord to the thalamus.

A

spinothalamic

23
Q

What are the 5 ascending pain systems that are part of the anterolateral system?

A
  1. spinothalamic
  2. spinomesenchephalic
  3. spinoreticular
  4. spinobulbar
  5. spinohypothalamic
24
Q

Where does the spinomesencephalic tract go to?

A

PAG in midbrain

25
Q

The _____ system of the spinothalamic tract = affective motivational component

A

medial

26
Q

The ______ system of the spinothalamic tract = discriminative localization of pain

A

lateral

27
Q

Where does the medial system of the STT go to?

A

limbic system association cortices

28
Q

Where does the lateral system of the STT go to?

A

primary somatosensory cortex

29
Q

Convergence of pain afferents and descending modulation occurs in the _____ horn.

A

posterior

30
Q

What are the 3 types of chronic pain?

A
  1. nociceptive/inflammatory pain
  2. neuropathic pain
  3. idiopathic pain
31
Q

Athritis pain is an example of chronic _______ pain.

A

inflammatory

32
Q

postherpetic neuralgia = example of chronic _________ pain.

A

neuropathic

33
Q

________ = idiopathic pain

A

fibromyalgia

34
Q

What are 3 possible mechanisms that occur in idiopathic pain?

A
  1. central sensitization
  2. allodynia
  3. hyperalgesia
35
Q

What are 2 maladaptive mechanisms that occur in chronic pain?

A
  1. peripheral

2. central

36
Q

______ sensitization = wind-up, overexpression of receptors

A

peripheral

37
Q

______ sensitization = changes in ion channel expression, changes in NT receptors, disinhibition

A

central

38
Q

What are 3 things that occur in central sensitization?

A
  1. parenthesis, dyesthesias
  2. hyperalgesia
  3. allodynia
39
Q

_______ and _______ = increased spontaneous activity

A

parethesias; dyesthesias

40
Q

_______ = reduced threshold for pain perception

A

hyperalgesia

41
Q

_______ = non-noxious stimuli are interpreted as pain

A

allodynia

42
Q

Allodynia = misdirected sprouting of ___ _____ fibres.

A

A beta

43
Q

_____ pain = burning, shooting, electrical

A

neuropathic

44
Q

______ pain = squeezing, throbbing, aching

A

nociceptive

45
Q

______ pain = pain perceived in regions innervated by nerves other than those that innervate the site of noxious stimulation

A

referred

46
Q

_______ pain = where stimulation of a sensory nerve along it’s path may induce pain that is projected to the tissue innervated by the stimulated nerve.

A

projected

47
Q

For viscera, information about physiological functions travel with _______ fibres.

A

parasympathetic fibers

48
Q

For viscera, information about pain travels with ______ fibers.

A

sympathetic

49
Q

Referred pain can be from visceral nerve to ______ area, and it can be somatic nerve to ______ area.

A

somatic (dermatome)

RHSC 420 (11 decks)

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