Brainstem 2

Question 1

SVE branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve function and nucleus?

Answer 1

pharyngeal muscles; nucleus ambigus

Question 2

GVE branch of glossopharyngeal nerve function and nucleus?

Answer 2

parotid gland; inferior salivary nucleus

Question 3

GVA branch of glossopharyngeal nerve function and tract?

Answer 3

visceral sensory; solitary nucleus and tract

Question 4

SVA branch of glossopharyngeal nerve function and tract?

Answer 4

posterior 1/3 of tongue; solitary tract and nucleus

Question 5

GSA branch of glossopharyngeal nerve function and tract?

Answer 5

pharynx, posterior oral cavity; spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract

Question 6

What two cranial nerves are responsible for the gag reflex and where do these synapse?

Answer 6

CN IX and X; nucleus solitarius and ambiguus

Question 7

SVE branch of vagus nerve function and nucleus?

Answer 7

pharyngeal muscles; nucleus ambiguus

Question 8

GVE branch of vagus nerve function and nucleus?

Answer 8

thoracic and abdominal viscera larynx; dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Question 9

GSA branch of vagus nerve function and nucleus?

Answer 9

meninges, pharynx, larynx; spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract

Question 10

GVA branch of vagus nerve function and nucleus?

Answer 10

thoracic and abdominal viscera stretch receptors in aortic arch chemoreceptors in aortic bodies; solitary nucleus and tact

Question 11

Corticobulbar tract for trapezius _____ crosses over.

Answer 11

LMNs

Question 12

Corticobulbar tract for SCM LMNs stays on the __________ side.

Answer 12

ipsilateral

Question 13

Do UMN’s of the trapezius also cross the midline?

Answer 13

yes; remember it is part of the corticospinal tract

Question 14

What 3 CN exit the skull through the jugular foramen?

Answer 14

IX, X and XI

Question 15

CN ___ innervates the intrinsic musculature of the tongue.

Answer 15

CN XII

Question 16

UMN projections to the LMNs in the brainstem nucleus of CNXII are bilateral, except the LMNs to _________.

Answer 16

genioglossus

Question 17

What muscle causes protrusion of the tongue?

Answer 17

genioglossus

Question 18

In an UMN of the hypoglossal nerve, the tongue deviates to __________ side of the lesion.

Answer 18

contralateral

Question 19

In a LMN of the hypoglossal nerve, the tongue deviates to the ________ side of the lesion.

Answer 19

ipsilateral

Question 20

The lateral zone of the reticular formation processes ________ information.

Answer 20

afferent

Question 21

The medial zone of the reticular formation processes _________ information.

Answer 21

efferent

Question 22

What are the two intrinsic systems of the brainstem?

Answer 22

1. reticular formation

2. CPG’s

Question 23

The ventral tegmental area = ________.

Answer 23

dopaminergic

Question 24

The locus ceruleus = ________.

Answer 24

noradrenergic

Question 25

The Raphe nuclei = _________.

Answer 25

serotonergic

Question 26

Where are the breathing centres that modulate respiratory pattern located in the brainstem?

Answer 26

medulla

Question 27

Where are the breathing centres that are active during expiration and inspiration located?

Answer 27

rostral spinal cord

Question 28

The ________ ________ is in control of movement.

Answer 28

substantia nigra

Question 29

The _______ _____ _______ projects to prefrontal cortex, limbic structures, nucleus accumbens.

Answer 29

ventral tegmental area

Question 30

__________ signalling = locus ceruleus in the pons; projects to thalamus and forebrain.

Answer 30

noradrenergic signalling

Question 31

________ _________ = raphe nucle in the ponsi; projects to thalamus, cortex, BG, brainstem

Answer 31

serotonergic signalling

Question 32

___________ = tegmentum of pons, project to thalamus and cortex; strengthen output from thalamus to cortex

Answer 32

ACh

Question 33

_______ = tegmentum of midbrain, project to thalamus and cortex; general arousal and alertness

Answer 33

histamine