Balance

Question 1

What comprises the inner ear?

Answer 1

Cochlea and labyrinth in the petrous part of the temporal bone.

Question 2

______ ______ = series of interconnected chambers and canals, embedded in bone

Answer 2

bony labyrinth

Question 3

______ ______ = inside bony labyrinth, contains sensory structures.

Answer 3

membranous labyrinth

Question 4

What two things comprise the vestibular apparatus?

Answer 4

1. Bony labyrinth

2. Membranous labyrinth

Question 5

Where is the perilymph filled space located?

Answer 5

between bony and membranous labyrinth

Question 6

The perilymph filled pace is similar in composition to _______ fluid.

Answer 6

extracellular

Question 7

The endolymph filled pace is closed within the _______ labyrinth.

Answer 7

membranous

Question 8

The endolymph is similar in composition to _______ fluid.

Answer 8

intracellular

Question 9

In what two locations are there sensory receptors in the vestibular apparatus?

Answer 9

1. semicircular canals

2. within vestibule

Question 10

What are the 3 semicircular canals?

Answer 10

1. horizontal
2. anterior
3. posterior

Question 11

What sensory receptors detect angular acceleration (head rotation)?

Answer 11

semicircular canals

Question 12

What sensory receptors detect linear acceleration and gravity?

Answer 12

utricle and saccule

Question 13

What two structures are located in the vestibule?

Answer 13

utricle and saccule

Question 14

Each semicircular canal opens into an ______.

Answer 14

utricle

Question 15

The transducer is the _____ ____.

Answer 15

hair cell

Question 16

Sensory information is carried by CN ____.

Answer 16

VIII

Question 17

Where is the apical side of hair cells located?

Answer 17

in endolymph

Question 18

There are ___-___ stereo cilia in hair cells.

Answer 18

60-100

Question 19

How many kincocilium are located in hair cells?

Answer 19

1

Question 20

Tips of the cilia are linked by filaments, and this is were the ___ channels are.

Answer 20

K+

Question 21

At the base of the hair cells _______ vesicles are located that are released onto the CN VIII.

Answer 21

glutamate

Question 22

Movement away from the kinocilium = _______.

Answer 22

hyperpolarization

Question 23

Movement towards the kinocilium = _______.

Answer 23

depolarization

Question 24

The three semicircular canals are ________ to each other in 3 functional planes.

Answer 24

orthogonal

Question 25

The ________ = dilation of canal near junction with utricle.

Answer 25

ampulla

Question 26

The ______ = ridge in ampulla where the hair cells are.

Answer 26

crista

Question 27

The _______ = gelatinous structure coming from crista,

Answer 27

cupula

Question 28

In any given ampulla, all hair cells are oriented in the _____ direction, with the kinocilium being closes to the (utricle/saccule).

Answer 28

same; utricle

Question 29

When turning the head to the right, the horizontal canal on the right will _______ and the horizontal canal to the left will _______.

Answer 29

depolarize; hyperpolarize

Question 30

The utricle and macula contain a _______.

Answer 30

macula

Question 31

Hair cells of the macula project into the _______ membrane.

Answer 31

otolithic

Question 32

The otolithic membrane contained _____/_____.

Answer 32

otoconia/otoliths

Question 33

The otoliths respond to gravity and ______ acceleration.

Answer 33

linear

Question 34

The utricle is horizontally oriented and detects _____-_____ movement and ______-_____ movement.

Answer 34

anterior-posterior; medio-lateral

Question 35

The saccule is vertically oriented and detects ______-______ movements and ______-______ movement.

Answer 35

anterior-posterior; superior-inferior

Question 36

Eye movement = ________ vestibular nuclei.

Answer 36

superior

Question 37

Neck and trunk = ______ vestibular nuclei.

Answer 37

medial

Question 38

Leg extensors = _______ vestibular nuclei.

Answer 38

lateral

Question 39

To cerebellum = _______ vestibular nuclei.

Answer 39

inferior

Question 40

______ vestibular nuclei process info from semicircular canals relating to rotational acceleration.

Answer 40

medial

Question 41

_______ vestibular nuclei process info from otolithic organs relating to linear acceleration.

Answer 41

lateral

Question 42

Through what tract does info from the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei reach the spinal cord?

Answer 42

vestibulospinal tract

Question 43

Lateral vestibulospinal tract = _______ excitatory to flexors and inhibitory to extensors.

Answer 43

ipsilateral

Question 44

Medial vestibulospinal tract = ______ to neck muscles.

Answer 44

bilateral

Question 45

Maintenance of posture = _______ vestibulospinal tract.

Answer 45

lateral

Question 46

stabilization of head = ________ vestibulospinal tract.

Answer 46

medial

Question 47

_______-_______ reflex = head rotates to right, both eyes move to left.

Answer 47

vestibule-ocular relfex

Question 48

The vestibule-ocular reflex is a connection between the labyrinth, vesicular nuclei, and what two cranial nerves?

Answer 48

1. CN VI | 2. CN III

Question 49

Nystagmus is named after the ____ component.

Answer 49

quick