Balance Flashcards
What comprises the inner ear?
Cochlea and labyrinth in the petrous part of the temporal bone.
______ ______ = series of interconnected chambers and canals, embedded in bone
bony labyrinth
______ ______ = inside bony labyrinth, contains sensory structures.
membranous labyrinth
What two things comprise the vestibular apparatus?
- Bony labyrinth
2. Membranous labyrinth
Where is the perilymph filled space located?
between bony and membranous labyrinth
The perilymph filled pace is similar in composition to _______ fluid.
extracellular
The endolymph filled pace is closed within the _______ labyrinth.
membranous
The endolymph is similar in composition to _______ fluid.
intracellular
In what two locations are there sensory receptors in the vestibular apparatus?
- semicircular canals
2. within vestibule
What are the 3 semicircular canals?
- horizontal
- anterior
- posterior
What sensory receptors detect angular acceleration (head rotation)?
semicircular canals
What sensory receptors detect linear acceleration and gravity?
utricle and saccule
What two structures are located in the vestibule?
utricle and saccule
Each semicircular canal opens into an ______.
utricle
The transducer is the _____ ____.
hair cell
Sensory information is carried by CN ____.
VIII
Where is the apical side of hair cells located?
in endolymph
There are ___-___ stereo cilia in hair cells.
60-100
How many kincocilium are located in hair cells?
1
Tips of the cilia are linked by filaments, and this is were the ___ channels are.
K+
At the base of the hair cells _______ vesicles are located that are released onto the CN VIII.
glutamate
Movement away from the kinocilium = _______.
hyperpolarization
Movement towards the kinocilium = _______.
depolarization
The three semicircular canals are ________ to each other in 3 functional planes.
orthogonal
The ________ = dilation of canal near junction with utricle.
ampulla
The ______ = ridge in ampulla where the hair cells are.
crista
The _______ = gelatinous structure coming from crista,
cupula
In any given ampulla, all hair cells are oriented in the _____ direction, with the kinocilium being closes to the (utricle/saccule).
same; utricle
When turning the head to the right, the horizontal canal on the right will _______ and the horizontal canal to the left will _______.
depolarize; hyperpolarize
The utricle and macula contain a _______.
macula
Hair cells of the macula project into the _______ membrane.
otolithic
The otolithic membrane contained _____/_____.
otoconia/otoliths
The otoliths respond to gravity and ______ acceleration.
linear
The utricle is horizontally oriented and detects _____-_____ movement and ______-_____ movement.
anterior-posterior; medio-lateral
The saccule is vertically oriented and detects ______-______ movements and ______-______ movement.
anterior-posterior; superior-inferior
Eye movement = ________ vestibular nuclei.
superior
Neck and trunk = ______ vestibular nuclei.
medial
Leg extensors = _______ vestibular nuclei.
lateral
To cerebellum = _______ vestibular nuclei.
inferior
______ vestibular nuclei process info from semicircular canals relating to rotational acceleration.
medial
_______ vestibular nuclei process info from otolithic organs relating to linear acceleration.
lateral
Through what tract does info from the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei reach the spinal cord?
vestibulospinal tract
Lateral vestibulospinal tract = _______ excitatory to flexors and inhibitory to extensors.
ipsilateral
Medial vestibulospinal tract = ______ to neck muscles.
bilateral
Maintenance of posture = _______ vestibulospinal tract.
lateral
stabilization of head = ________ vestibulospinal tract.
medial
_______-_______ reflex = head rotates to right, both eyes move to left.
vestibule-ocular relfex
The vestibule-ocular reflex is a connection between the labyrinth, vesicular nuclei, and what two cranial nerves?
- CN VI
2. CN III
Nystagmus is named after the ____ component.
quick
