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RHSC 420 > Balance > Flashcards

Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the inner ear?

A

Cochlea and labyrinth in the petrous part of the temporal bone.

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2
Q

______ ______ = series of interconnected chambers and canals, embedded in bone

A

bony labyrinth

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3
Q

______ ______ = inside bony labyrinth, contains sensory structures.

A

membranous labyrinth

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4
Q

What two things comprise the vestibular apparatus?

A
  1. Bony labyrinth

2. Membranous labyrinth

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5
Q

Where is the perilymph filled space located?

A

between bony and membranous labyrinth

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6
Q

The perilymph filled pace is similar in composition to _______ fluid.

A

extracellular

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7
Q

The endolymph filled pace is closed within the _______ labyrinth.

A

membranous

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8
Q

The endolymph is similar in composition to _______ fluid.

A

intracellular

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9
Q

In what two locations are there sensory receptors in the vestibular apparatus?

A
  1. semicircular canals

2. within vestibule

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10
Q

What are the 3 semicircular canals?

A
  1. horizontal
  2. anterior
  3. posterior
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11
Q

What sensory receptors detect angular acceleration (head rotation)?

A

semicircular canals

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12
Q

What sensory receptors detect linear acceleration and gravity?

A

utricle and saccule

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13
Q

What two structures are located in the vestibule?

A

utricle and saccule

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14
Q

Each semicircular canal opens into an ______.

A

utricle

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15
Q

The transducer is the _____ ____.

A

hair cell

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16
Q

Sensory information is carried by CN ____.

A

VIII

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17
Q

Where is the apical side of hair cells located?

A

in endolymph

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18
Q

There are ___-___ stereo cilia in hair cells.

A

60-100

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19
Q

How many kincocilium are located in hair cells?

A

1

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20
Q

Tips of the cilia are linked by filaments, and this is were the ___ channels are.

A

K+

21
Q

At the base of the hair cells _______ vesicles are located that are released onto the CN VIII.

A

glutamate

22
Q

Movement away from the kinocilium = _______.

A

hyperpolarization

23
Q

Movement towards the kinocilium = _______.

A

depolarization

24
Q

The three semicircular canals are ________ to each other in 3 functional planes.

A

orthogonal

25
Q

The ________ = dilation of canal near junction with utricle.

A

ampulla

26
Q

The ______ = ridge in ampulla where the hair cells are.

A

crista

27
Q

The _______ = gelatinous structure coming from crista,

A

cupula

28
Q

In any given ampulla, all hair cells are oriented in the _____ direction, with the kinocilium being closes to the (utricle/saccule).

A

same; utricle

29
Q

When turning the head to the right, the horizontal canal on the right will _______ and the horizontal canal to the left will _______.

A

depolarize; hyperpolarize

30
Q

The utricle and macula contain a _______.

A

macula

31
Q

Hair cells of the macula project into the _______ membrane.

A

otolithic

32
Q

The otolithic membrane contained _____/_____.

A

otoconia/otoliths

33
Q

The otoliths respond to gravity and ______ acceleration.

A

linear

34
Q

The utricle is horizontally oriented and detects _____-_____ movement and ______-_____ movement.

A

anterior-posterior; medio-lateral

35
Q

The saccule is vertically oriented and detects ______-______ movements and ______-______ movement.

A

anterior-posterior; superior-inferior

36
Q

Eye movement = ________ vestibular nuclei.

A

superior

37
Q

Neck and trunk = ______ vestibular nuclei.

A

medial

38
Q

Leg extensors = _______ vestibular nuclei.

A

lateral

39
Q

To cerebellum = _______ vestibular nuclei.

A

inferior

40
Q

______ vestibular nuclei process info from semicircular canals relating to rotational acceleration.

A

medial

41
Q

_______ vestibular nuclei process info from otolithic organs relating to linear acceleration.

A

lateral

42
Q

Through what tract does info from the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei reach the spinal cord?

A

vestibulospinal tract

43
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal tract = _______ excitatory to flexors and inhibitory to extensors.

A

ipsilateral

44
Q

Medial vestibulospinal tract = ______ to neck muscles.

A

bilateral

45
Q

Maintenance of posture = _______ vestibulospinal tract.

A

lateral

46
Q

stabilization of head = ________ vestibulospinal tract.

A

medial

47
Q

_______-_______ reflex = head rotates to right, both eyes move to left.

A

vestibule-ocular relfex

48
Q

The vestibule-ocular reflex is a connection between the labyrinth, vesicular nuclei, and what two cranial nerves?

A
  1. CN VI

2. CN III

49
Q

Nystagmus is named after the ____ component.

A

quick

RHSC 420 (11 decks)

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